台灣中小型專業工程營造商國際化策略之個案研究 : 折衷理論及知識基礎理論觀點

Case Study on the Strategies of Internationalization of Small and Medium-Sized Professional Subcontractors in Taiwan: Eclectic Theory and Knowledge-based Theory Perspectives

王廷澤(Ting-Che Wang)

指導教授 ： 荷世平

國立臺灣大學/工學院/土木工程學研究所/碩士(2018年)

https://doi.org/10.6342/NTU201800909

摘要

依經濟部中小企業處統計，台灣中小型規模之營造業廠家數量逐年增加，其中具備專有技術的專業工程營造商是為營造工程分項工種之主軸，在面臨經濟發展趨緩及營造量體萎縮之際，已然陷入紅海之市場競爭。近年來，東南亞新經濟體崛起，內需建設擴大，逐漸取代中國大陸市場，提供了全球企業投資、進入之空間，扮演次承攬商角色的中小型專業工程營造商，如何由此覓得進入國際市場之路徑而獲取業務承攬或擴大規模的空間是為重要的課題。故本研究希望藉由以專業技術能力為核心價值的中小型專業工程營造商國際化的路徑探索，了解其進入的策略與模式。

　　本研究先經由國際化理論及文獻的回顧，透過與利德工程股份有限公司及同豐營造工程股份有限公司兩家個案的訪談結果，歸納兩家公司在國際化動機、進入模式、進入障礙以及跨國經營模式等(組織架構、知識移轉等)之差異，主要以折衷理論與知識基礎理論的觀點，探索出本研究之研究命題。

　　研究結果發現，台灣中小型專業工程營造商所擁有產品差異化的能力，必須能在海外延續競爭優勢始有國際化之條件。在進入模式方面，台灣中小型專業工程營造商通常隨著曾有良好合作關係的開發商或總營造商開啟國際化的腳步，以降低制度環境的影響，並以獨資的方式成立海外分支機構，進行高度控制並保護企業核心資源；研究顯示，台灣中小型專業工程營造商之企業資源如屬創新研發的知識基礎資源，將有助其擴大海外在地化經營規模，並可與競爭者的規模經濟抗衡，甚至轉換成目標市場的競爭優勢，也有助後續國際化路徑的複製。

　　最後，本研究綜合台灣中小型專業工程營造商進入國際市場的條件與策略，提出結論及建議，俾利相同規模與性質之營造業於國際化決策之參考。

關鍵字

國際化 ； 折衷理論 ； 知識基礎理論 ； 資源 ； 優勢

並列摘要

According to the statistics from the Small and Medium Enterprise Administration, the number of small and medium-sized construction enterprises in Taiwan has been increasing every year. Among them, the professional construction companies with propriety technology are the mainstay for the sub-types of construction projects. Facing with the slowdown in economic growth and the shrinking of constructions, these companies have entered the market competition in the Red Ocean. In recent years, the rise of emerging economies in South-East Asia and the expansion of their domestic demand have gradually replaced the Chinese market and provided opportunities for international investment. The purpose of this thesis is to explore the internationalization paths of small and medium-sized professional construction companies with proprietary technology and to understand their strategies and models.

　　Based on the review of internationalization theory and literature, this thesis first compares two companies’ motivations in internationalization, modes of entry, barriers to entry, and transnational business models (organizational structures, knowledge transfer, etc.) through interviews with the two companies: Raito Engineering Co., Ltd. and Tung Feng Construction Engineering Co., Ltd. This thesis mainly uses the eclectic theory and the knowledge-based theory to explore these issues.

　　The findings show that the ability of Taiwan’s small and medium-sized professional construction companies to differentiate their products needs to maintain their international competitive advantages in order to achieve internationalization. As for the modes of entry, Taiwan’s small and medium-sized professional construction companies usually start internationalization with developers or general contractors, whom they have had good cooperation, to reduce the impact of the institutional environment. They set up overseas branches in a sole proprietorship manner to highly control and protect the core resources of the companies. If these companies have innovative and developed knowledge as their resources, they will be able to expand their oversea business and compete with their competitors in economies of scale. They will even divert their resources to the target market as an advantage, and facilitates the replication of the follow-up internationalization path.

　　Finally, this thesis integrates the conditions and strategies for the small and medium-sized construction companies in Taiwan to enter the international market, and puts forward the conclusions and suggestions for companies of similar scale and types in the international decision-making.

並列關鍵字

internationalization ； eclectic theory ； knowledge-based theory ； resources ； advantages

參考文獻

Agarwal, S. and Ramaswami, N. (1992), “Choice of Foreign Market Entry Mode: Impact of Ownership, Location and Internalization Factors”, Journal of International Business Studies, 23(1), 1-27.

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