相變材料應用於增加室內熱舒適度之數值模擬

Numerical Sumulation of Phase Change Material in the Application of Increasing Indoor Thermal Comfort

吳昇威(Sheng-Wei Wu)

指導教授 ： 呂良正

國立臺灣大學/工學院/土木工程學研究所/碩士(2010年)

https://doi.org/10.6342/NTU.2010.00463

摘要

相變材料(Phase Change Material)在產生相變化時會伴隨著大量熱能的吸收和釋放，俗稱潛熱(latent heat)，可利用此性質來達到恆溫或降低溫度振幅；因此相變材料廣泛被利用在電子、服飾、建築物上。
對於相變材料於建築物上之應用多在於西方國家，由於他們秋冬時刻的夜間氣候過低，暖氣之耗電量過大，因此他們利用相變材料之潛熱於白天時吸收大量熱量，並於夜晚時刻釋放熱量，達到加熱空氣之效果。但是臺灣處於亞熱帶氣候區，所面臨的問題是夏季過熱，造成大量的空調耗電。因此我們必需設計相變材料在夜晚時放出大量熱量，並於白天時刻吸收空氣中之熱量，以達到降溫效果，在應用上是與西方國家相反的。
因此本研究主要探討相變材料應用於臺灣氣候下建築物之除熱效果，利用商業有限元素軟體ABAQUS在適當假設邊界條件之模型下，首先探討相變材料於臺灣氣候建築物上對於本研究所計算出之耗電量指數的改善效果。爾後會詳細探討相變材料應用在建築物上時，其擺放位置、熔點設定以及相變材料之用量應當如何設計，對於室內空氣溫度的改善效果會比較好。了解相變材料應當如何設計後，本研究尚會將相變材料與隔熱材料EPS應用在建築物上對於耗電量的改善效果做一個比較。在探討完臺灣氣候下使用相變材料之效益後，本研究尚有探討將相變材料使用在不同國家氣候下，分析在不同氣候下相變材料的使用效益。
此外，本研究尚利用臺灣取得之較完整的氣象資料，以每年分析完之耗電量指標為標準，近似出一個以月高溫、月均溫、月低溫為參數的溫度函數，利用此三個參即能計算出近似的溫度歷時，利用此近似溫度歷時代入ABAQUS分析，亦可得到相近的耗電量指標。

關鍵字

相變材料 ； 建築物 ； 節能 ； 臺灣 ； 耗電量 ； 熱舒適

並列摘要

The Phase Change Material (PCM) will produce or release massive heat energy when processes phase change which is called latent heat. PCM can use the nature to reduce temperature oscillation amplitude or even achieve constant temperature； Therefore, phase change material is used widely in the electronic engineering, the clothing, the building.
The application of phase change material in building is popular in Western country than Eastern country. Because of the Western country’s temperature during night time in autumn and winter is so cold, the power consumption of heating is very large. So they use the phase change material for the purpose of raising temperature in nighttime. The phase change material will absord massive quantity of heats by latent heat in daytinme and in the night release massive quantity of heat, achieves the effect of heating air. But Taiwan is in the subtropics climatic region, the majr problem is overheated in summer, causes the massive power consumption of air condition. Therefore the phase change material used in Taiwan must design to release massive quantity of heats during nighttime and absorb massive quantity of heats in daytime, achieves temperature decrease effect. The purpose of using phase change material in building is opposite to Western country.
Therefore this research mainly discusses the phase change material application eliminates the thermal effect in building structures. Using commercial finite element software ABAQUS simulates the model which have the proper boundary conditions. First discusses the effet of phase change material applied to building in Taiwan climate. The effect is regarding the Power Consumption Index, PCI, defined in this thesis. Then the research will discuss some parameters of phase change material including the position of PCM and latent of PCM and melting temperature of PCM and the quantities of PCM, in order to get the best effect of PCM. After I know how to desing PCM, I will compare to the insulated material, EPS. When I finish the research of phase change material applied to building in Taiwan climate, I also apply PCM to building in other climate to find the effect of phase change material in different climate.
In addition, this research will use the power consumption index of each yaer in Taiwan as an index, and find out an approximate temperature functions which use average temperature and maximum temperature and minimum temperature of each month as parameter. So I can use these three parameters to find an approximate temperature curve. Using this curve in ABAQUS, I can get the closed power consumption index comparing to the true climate data result.

並列關鍵字

Phase Change Material ； PCM ； Building ； Energy conservation ； Taiwan ； Power consumption ； Thermal comfort

參考文獻

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