關愛目標對情緒表達壓抑與心理適應性之影響

The Benefits of Compassion: Examining the Influence of Compassionate Goals on Expressive Suppression and Psychological Adjustment

高千涵(Chien-Han Kao)

指導教授 ： 蘇珍頤

國立臺灣大學/理學院/心理學研究所/碩士(2013年)

https://doi.org/10.6342/NTU.2013.00430

摘要

過去有許多研究指出情緒表達壓抑會導致負向的心理適應結果。然而，壓抑所帶來的影響可能會隨著個體採取壓抑的動機而有所不同。本研究基於關愛目標對自我控制及心理適應所帶來的益處，假設人際目標可以緩衝壓抑對心理適應所帶來的負向影響。本研究的結果發現，在研究一，雖然壓抑本身預測負向的心理適應，但是當個體有高關愛目標傾向時，此負向的效果會被減輕。在研究二，在人際衝突的情境中，當個體被促發自我形象目標時，壓抑負向情緒比表達負向情緒導致較高程度的憤怒相關情緒、較低的愉悅程度、自尊以及覺知到的關係品質。然而，當個體被促發關愛目標時，壓抑負向情緒與表達負向情緒的結果則沒有差異。本研究的結果突顯出關愛目標對於減輕情緒表達壓抑為心理適應所帶來的負向影響之重要性。而不同研究方法(問卷與實驗)也為此尚未被先前研究檢驗的效果提供匯聚的證據。研究結果對於人際目標與情緒調節之意涵也在本研究中討論。

關鍵字

關愛目標 ； 人際目標 ； 情緒表達壓抑 ； 情緒調節

並列摘要

A preponderance of findings from past research indicates that expressive suppression is associated with negative psychological outcomes. However, the impact of suppression may vary according to the type of goals and motives individuals adopt. Given the benefits of compassionate goals for self-regulation and psychological adjustment, we hypothesized that this interpersonal goal orientation would help buffer against the negative effects of suppression on psychological adjustment. The present studies found that 1) although suppression predicted psychological maladjustment, the costs were attenuated among individuals with a high compassionate-goal orientation, and 2) among individuals primed with self-image goals, suppression of negative emotions in an interpersonal conflict situation led to higher levels of anger-related emotions and lower levels of pleasant emotions, self-esteem, and perceived relational quality compared to expression of negative emotions; however, among individuals primed with compassionate goals, the outcome of suppression and expression did not differ. These results highlight the important role compassionate goals may play in attenuating the negative effects of expressive suppression on psychological functioning. The use of multiple research designs (i.e., survey and laboratory experiment) provided converging evidence for these effects, which have not been previously documented in the literature. Implications of these findings for theory and research on interpersonal goals and emotion regulation were discussed.

並列關鍵字

compassionate goals ； interpersonal goals ； expressive suppression ； emotion regulation

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