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  • 學位論文

碳交易轉嫁外部成本之效益分析-個人碳信用配額之探討

An Analysis of External Cost of Carbon Trading: Personal Carbon Credit

指導教授 : 李顯峰

摘要


全球暖化引起全球氣候變遷,其所造成的經濟損失、生命健康損失、生態失衡、等許多災難,在近數拾年來不斷發生於全世界各地;人為溫室氣體的增加(尤其是二氧化碳),是最主要的肇因。要能真實的解決排放二氧化碳的外部效應,才能減緩全球暖化的現象,「環境保護」與「經濟發展」才能共創雙贏,人類才能夠永續經營地球。 2005年正式生效的「京都議定書」,代表著全世界嚴肅正視二氧化碳增加所引起的暖化效應;京都議定書引用市場原理導入的三種交易機制,代表著碳交易將成為減少二氧化碳排放量最重要之工具。然而全球二氧化碳排放量卻未隨著碳交易市場規模不斷的擴大而減少,很明顯目前的碳交易機制、市場、商品對減少全球二氧化碳排放量毫無助益。 為使排放二氧化碳的外部成本內部化,減少全球二氧化碳排放總量;本文嘗試直接觸及責任問題,探討研究「個人碳信用配額」制度。本研究應用「卡亞公式」的影響二氧化碳排放量增長四大因素:人口數、人均GDP、單位GDP能耗量以及能源結構,再以1960年至2005年的全球二氧化碳排放量、人口數、人均GDP進行實證分析,實證結果顯示二氧化碳排放量與人口數及人均GDP呈現出顯著之正相關。故引用上述之變數並納入「公平性」計算分配個人碳信用配額,同時研究設計交易模式與交易平台。 要能有效的減少全球二氧化碳排放量,降低氣候變遷造成的威脅,唯有真實解決排放二氧化碳的外部效應。個人碳信用配額交易機制除了能解決排放二氧化碳的外部效應,減緩全球暖化,並因產權初始界定及產權自由交易,市場均衡的最終結果都是有效率的。

並列摘要


The global warming causes the global climate change, it creates the economic loss, the life and health loss, the ecology to be unbalanced and so many disasters. The artificial greenhouse gas increasing is the most main cause especially the carbon dioxide (CO2) .We must be able to solve the external effect of CO2 emission that we just can be able to slow down the global warming, “the environmental protection” and “the economic development” just can create win-win. The Kyoto Protocol was to become effective officially in 2005. It means that the world faces up to the warming effect seriously. The Kyoto Protocol designs three kinds of carbon trading mechanisms which inducts the market principle. That represents the carbon trading is the most important tool to reduce CO2 emission. But the global CO2 emission actually has not reduced along with the carbon trading market scale unceasing expansion. That means there carbon trading mechanisms, the markets and the commodities are not useful to reduce the global CO2 emission very obvious. In order to internalizes the external cost of CO2 emission and to reduce the global CO2 emissions total quantity. This thesis attempts to discuss the “personal carbon credit” mechanism. This research is major in two variables, “the population” and “the per capita GDP”. There are the most important variables to influence the CO2 emissions. It only has to real solve the external cost of CO2 emission. That just could be able to reduce the global CO2 emissions effectively and reduces the threat which the climate change causes. The personal carbon credit mechanism except can solve the external effect of CO2 emission and slows down the global warming, also because the initial property rights could be limited and trade freely, the market is effective finally.

參考文獻


柳中明(2008),「從氣象反常談氣候變遷的真相與我們的未來」,臺灣大學全球變遷研究中心。
蔡勳雄(2001),「全球氣候變遷加劇的現象」,財團法人國家政策研究基金會。
魏盟巽(2009),「碳稅與碳交易:政策意涵及經濟分析」,行政院環境保護署。
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張品村(2004),「高高屏地區試行空氣污染排放權交易之市場分析」,碩士論文,國立成功大學政治經濟學研究所。

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