高速公路壅塞模擬與主線速率漸變控制模式之研究

A Study on Congested Freeway Microsimulation and Mainline Variable Speed Limit Control Strategy

江宜穎(I-Ying Chiang)

指導教授 ： 許添本

國立臺灣大學/工學院/土木工程學研究所/碩士(2013年)

https://doi.org/10.6342/NTU.2013.00529

摘要

自國道五號通車以來，假日車潮的壅塞問題即層出不窮，尤其以雪山隧道口之回堵現象最為嚴重。為達成國道五號高速公路安全且有效率的交通控制目的，首要工作即了解壅塞的產生，以及建構一套便於分析車流與控制策略的模擬平台。
本研究首先藉由佈設於國道五號高速公路上之偵測器資料，進行車流特性分析，了解壅塞產生之時間、影響範圍、變化情形等巨觀車流特性等。進而利用VISSIM模擬軟體建構符合國道五號車流特性之模擬路網，並透過校估與驗證程序確認模擬軟體之真實性。
在主線速率控制策略部分，本研究研擬速率漸變控制架構，提出兩種速率控制策略，分別為瓶頸點控制策略以及全線整體控制策略，並於控制策略中說明最大控制範圍、可變速率標示擺設間距以及完整速率控制啟動邏輯與解除邏輯。
透過VISSIM附加軟體VisVAP可將主線速率控制策略應用至VISSIM模擬路網中，並評估速率控制策略之績效。依VISSIM模擬結果，二控制策略皆可縮短各地點壅塞時段15至30分鐘，且瓶頸點控制策略之壅塞時段旅行時間較未控制之旅行時間小，顯示實施車流速率控制後，可有效降低衝擊波影響時間與範圍。

關鍵字

高速公路壅塞 ； VISSIM模擬 ； 速率漸變

並列摘要

Freeway No.5 had long been troubled by the problem of congestion during vacations; the most serious part of the congested freeway network is the entrance of SYUESHAN tunnel on northbound. To achieve the control purpose of freeway No.5's safety and efficient traffic, the primary task is to understand the generation of congestion, as well as construct a simulation platform to facilitate the analysis of traffic control strategy.

This research first analysis the vehicle detector data on freeway No.5, in order to understand the start time of traffic congestion, the range of influenced area, the change of traffic condition and other traffic flow characteristics. Then using VISSIM simulation software to create a fictitious simulation platform which could reproduce the traffic flow characteristics as same as the real word.

This study develops mainline variable speed limit control strategy, due to the difference of control concept, the control logic including two strategies, one of them is called as “congestion point control strategy” while the other is called as “mainline control strategy”. Two of the control strategies both include the maximum control range, the distance between each variable speed limit sign, and a complete startup and end logic.

VISSIM’s additional software VisVAP helps to write the control strategy into VISSIM simulation platform, and evaluate the performance of the control strategies. As a result of VISSIM’s simulation result, two of the control strategy could efficiently reduce the congestion period for 15 to 30 minutes. The “congestion point control strategy” could also efficiently reduce the time-varied travel time, implying that the control strategy could reduce the range and time interval of shockwave.

並列關鍵字

freeway congestion ； VISSIM simulation ； variable speed limit

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