痲瘋樹(Jatropha curcas L.)對環境適應力強,耐乾旱且耐貧瘠,適合應用於污染地之植生復育,並兼具生質能源作物之功能。痲瘋樹造林初期生育速度緩慢,雜草入侵嚴重,影響成林速度,但目前台灣仍未有適合之除草劑推薦。因此本研究利用痲瘋樹種子或移植苗為材料,分別於直播與移植苗制度下篩選用於萌前與萌後之除草劑,並藉由光生理指標了解除草劑對痲瘋樹之藥害。本研究結果如下:痲瘋樹萌前除草劑試驗中,以19種除草劑進行發芽試驗,其中草脫淨(1.60 kg ha-1)、滅必淨(1.50 kg ha-1)、拉草(2.50 kg ha-1)、丁基拉草(1.50 kg ha-1)、施得圃(1.25 kg ha-1)、達有龍(2.00 kg ha-1)、撻乃安(3.00 kg ha-1)、本達隆(1.50 kg ha-1)、伏寄普(0.25 kg ha-1)、固殺草(1.60 kg ha-1)、嘉磷塞(2.50 kg ha-1)對痲瘋樹種子萌芽及幼苗生長無明顯抑制,具潛力可應用於痲瘋樹萌前雜草管理。痲瘋樹萌後除草劑試驗中萌前除草劑拉草(1.25 kg ha-1)、丁基拉草(1.50, 0.75 kg ha-1)、施得圃(1.25, 0.63 kg ha-1)及萌後除草劑本達隆(1.20, 0.60 kg ha-1)、伏寄普(0.25, 0.13 kg ha-1)處理對痲瘋樹移植苗無明顯之生長阻礙,具潛力應用於痲瘋樹萌後雜草管理。痲瘋樹田間試驗結果顯示噴施除草劑嘉磷賽(1.6 kg ha-1)+拉草(1.4 kg ha-1)+草脫淨(1.6kg ha-1)混劑,並不會影響玉米及痲瘋樹播種後發芽率及幼苗生長,可應用於痲瘋樹間作玉米之栽培制度。
Jatropha curcas is a multipurpose, stress resistant plant, potentially as a source of renewable energy, medicine and phytoremediation. In J. curcas cultivation, weed management is crucial. However, there are few studies on J. curcas tolerance on registered herbicides in Taiwan. The objective of this research is to screen the proper herbicides used in J. curcas fields at the period of pre-emergence and post-emergence of the cultivation. Nineteen herbicides registered for major crops were evaluated in germination of J. curcas seeds for the pre-emergence screen. The result shown that atrazine (1.60 kg ha-1), alachlor(2.50 kg ha-1), bentazon(1.50 kg ha-1), butachlor (1.50 kg ha-1), dinitramine (3.00 kg ha-1), diuron (2.00 kg ha-1), fluazifop-buty (0.25 kg ha-1), metribuzin (1.50 kg ha-1), pendimethalin (1.25 kg ha-1), glufosinate (1.60 kg ha-1) and glyphosate (2.50 kg ha-1) are suited for pre-emergence application. Twelve herbicides registered for major crops were evaluated for the post-emergence screening. The result showed that alachlor (1.25 kg ha-1), butachlor (1.50, 0.75 kg ha-1), pendimethalin (1.25, 0.63 kg ha-1), bentazon (1.20, 0.60 kg ha-1) and fluazifop-butyl (0.25, 0.13 kg ha-1) were safe to J. curcas at rates effective for weed control. In field test, combination of glyphosate (1.6 kg ha-1)+ alachlor (1.4 kg ha-1)+atrazine (1.6kg ha-1) was applied before planting. The results showed that the combination of glyphosate, alachlor and atrazine could provide acceptable weed control without damaging to J. curcas and maize.