我國信仰型非營利組織從事政策倡議之研究：以基督教為取向

A Study on the Policy Advocacy of Faith-Based Nonprofits in Taiwan: A Perspective of Christianity

李慕義(Mu-Yi Li)

指導教授 ： 孫煒

國立臺灣大學/社會科學院/政治學研究所/碩士(2013年)

https://doi.org/10.6342/NTU.2013.00592

摘要

近年來國內外學術界對信仰型非營利組織的研究興趣逐漸提高，而非營利組織與政府之互動範疇，除了進行公私協力之合作性互動，價值性、政策性之倡議亦為雙方互動中不可忽視之一環，亦是非營利組織重要功能。本研究包含以下四個研究目的與問題：一、探討我國基督教信仰型非營利組織的倡議經驗、倡議理念與動機、倡議計畫形成之過程以及倡議的方式與策略之運用。二、探討我國基督教信仰組織的倡議經驗、倡議動機以及倡議的方式與策略之運用。三、聚焦在我國基督教信仰型非營利組織與基督教信仰組織之倡議模式，了解雙方之倡議經驗，並相互對照探討。比較兩者間在倡議經驗、動機上為何有此差異及其意涵。四、分析我國基督教信仰型非營利組織的倡議特徵、差異及其原因。

本研究並提出「信仰密度」之概念，並且區別「信仰型非營利組織」與「信仰組織」二者之性質，以作為本研究的分析架構。根據此一架構，訪談三個信仰密度以及規模互異的信仰型非營利組織：勵馨基金會、伊甸基金會、基督教晨曦會，並訪談一個信仰組織－錫安山新約教會－作為信仰型非營利組織的對照，以突顯信仰型非營利組織的倡議特色。在運用所得實際資料與文獻推論之互相驗證發現：第一，信仰型非營利組織之倡議理念同時包含信仰因素與社會工作專業理念；發展較成熟的信仰型非營利組織，倡議行動皆由執行階層所驅動；較大型的信仰型非營利組織重視媒體、公關等倡議策略，然近年媒體環境之改變，增加透過媒體進行倡議之困難度，並且較大型信仰型非營利組織會產生與政府合作或倡議之兩難。第二，信仰組織會以天啟、神諭（上帝的感動）作為倡議的驅動因素之一，並且採取「消極不作為」策略為倡議手段。第三，對照信仰型非營利組織與信仰組織兩者的倡議經驗後，本研究發現：(1)信仰型非營利組織想要積極改造社會而產生倡議需求；信仰組織想要脫離社會而產生倡議需求。(2)信仰密度較高的組織，其從事政策倡議之外部阻力，較信仰密度較低的組織為高。

關鍵字

信仰型非營利組織 ； 信仰組織 ； 政策倡議 ； 信仰密度 ； 倡議策略 ； 倡議阻力

並列摘要

In recent years, research interest toward faith-based nonprofit organizations increase gradually in both domestic and international academic circles. In addition, not only that nonprofit organizations cooperate with the government both publicly and privately, engaging in initiation both in policy and ideology, an important factor of the NPO utility, is also a vital part in the NPO-government relationship. This research encompasses the following four research goals and questions: 1. To investigate the policy advocacy experience, advocacy ideas and motives, the formulation of advocacy projects, the method of advocacy and their employment of advocacy of strategies of domestic Christian faith-based nonprofit organizations. 2. To explore the advocacy experience, motives, , the method of advocacy and their employment of advocacy of strategies of Christian organizations. 3. To address the advocacy modes of Christian faith-based nonprofit organizations and Christian organizations, to compare advocacy experience and to understand reasons and meaning of the differences between advocacy experience and motives of both parties. 4. To analyze the traits, discrepancies and origin of the advocacy of domestic Christian faith-based nonprofit organizations.

The research proposes the idea of ‘faith density’ and distinguishes the nature of faith-based nonprofit organizations and religious organizations, according to which the framework of analysis is established for this research. Based on the framework three faith-based nonprofit organizations are interviewed, The Garden of Hope Foundation, Eden Social Welfare Foundation, and Operation Dawn, which all differ in their faith density and scale. In addition, a faith organization, The Zion Church of New Testament, is also interviewed in comparison with faith-based nonprofit organizations, highlighting the initiation traits of faith-based nonprofit organizations. Through examination of acquired data and literature, the research found the results as follows: 1. The initiation ideas of faith-based nonprofit organizations include faith factors and professional social work ideas. In the more developed faith-based nonprofit organizations, the executive level powers initiation. Larger faith-based nonprofit organizations highlight the importance of mass media and public relations. However, the environmental changes in the media circle have increased the difficulties of initiation through mass media. In addition, larger faith-based nonprofit organizations encounter the dilemma of whether to cooperate with the government or to engage in initiation. 2. Religious organizations apply oracles or prophecies as one of the driving factors of advocacy, engaging in the Gandhi-like passive inaction as means of advocacy. 3. Through comparison of the advocacy experience of faith-based nonprofit organizations and religious organizations, the researcher found that a. The advocacy demands originate from intention to actively reform the society in faith-based nonprofit organizations, but intention to isolate from the society in religious organizations. b. Organizations with higher faith density are more likely to confront external obstructs when engaged in policy advocacy than those with lower faith density.

並列關鍵字

faith-based nonprofit organizations ； faith density ； policy advocacy ； The Garden of Hope Foundation ； Eden Social Welfare Foundation ； Operation Dawn ； The Zion Church of New Testament

參考文獻

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