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  • 學位論文

利用持久散射體差分干涉法研究臺北盆地地下水升降引起的地表變形

Study of surface deformation induced from fluctuation of roundwater in Taipei basin by PSInSAR

指導教授 : 胡植慶

摘要


臺北都會區為臺灣政經重地,山腳斷層位於臺北盆地西緣,若山腳斷層錯動將造成臺北都會區傷亡與損失,為了評估和減輕地質災害,須針對臺北盆地地表變形進行監測。前人研究歸納出影響臺北盆地地表變形的主要因素:土壤壓密、地下水位變化與構造活動,要探討活動山腳斷層的活動性,必須先移除土壤壓密與地下水變動造成的地表變形。本研究使用不同時期 C 波段 ERS-1/2 (1996 年 1 月至 1999 年 9 月)、C 波段 ENVISAT (2003 年 1 月至 2008 年 3月)、L 波段 ALOS (2007 年 4 月至 2011 年 1 月)與 X 波段 COSMO-SkyMed(2011 年 5 月至 2015 年 4 月)四種衛星影像,利用持久散射體差分干涉法(Persistent Scatterers Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar, PS-InSAR)計算視衛星方向(Line of sight, LOS)地表變形速率,和LOS位移時間序列。並將PSInSAR計算結果與精密水準測量和連續GPS觀測結果對照。根據計算之LOS變形速率,若以山腳斷層下盤為參考點,上盤相對視衛星方向速率於 ERS-1/2 時期為 3 mm/yr,ENVISAT 時期為-1.8 mm/yr,ALOS 時期為 0.7 mm/yr,COSMO-SkyMed 時期為1.6 mm/yr,前兩者為升冪軌道,後兩者為降冪軌道。此結果顯示,山腳斷層經歷過抬升、沉降又抬升的過程。為了瞭解此現象是否為地下水位變動造成,本研究利用交互相關與相關係數,探討是否存在時間延遲效應與兩者的相關性,最後利用兩者的關係計算得到土層的儲水係數。經過計算與討論,臺北盆地的地表變形與受壓含水層的地下水位變動有極高的相關性,主要造成地表變形的土層為松山層的黏土層,景美層與五股層的儲水係數介於0.7 × 10−3至2.0 × 10−3。

並列摘要


Taipei is the political and economic center in Taiwan. The active Shanchiao fault is located in the western margin of Taipei basin. Therefore, it is a crucial issue to better understand the assessment and mitigation of geological hazard in terms of monitoring of surface deformation in Taipei basin. Previous study suggested that three major factors influence the surface deformation in Taipei basin, such as soil compaction, groundwater fluctuation and tectonic movement. Consequently the assessment in activity of the Shanchiao fault, the deformation induced from fluctuation of the water table and soil compaction should be removed. Persistent Scatterers interferometric synthetic aperture radar (PSInSAR) technique is applied to calculate the surface deformation rate with the constraints of continuous GPS and precise leveling measurements. C-band ERS-1/2 (1996/1-1999/9), ENVISAT (2003/1-2008/3), L-band ALOS (2007/4-2011/6) and X-band COSMO-SkyMed (2011/5-2015/4) SAR images are used to characterize surface deformation in different periods. Based on the results of different periods of PSInSAR, the deformation rate along line of sight was variable via time which might be related to the deformation in different depth of loose deposits in Taipei basin. If the footwall of the Shanchiao fault is taken as a reference, the average LOS rate in the hanging wall of the Shanchiao fault is about 3 mm/yr in ERS-1/2 period, -1.8 mm/yr in ENVISAT period, 0.7 mm/yr in ALOS period and 1.6 mm/yr in COSMO-SkyMed period respectively. These results suggests that the slight uplift observed in the period of 2003/1-2008/3 and the slight subsidence occurred in the periods 1996/1-1999/9, 2007/4-2011/6 and 2011/5-2015/4. To characterize the relationship between surface deformation and groundwater table, cross-correlation and correlation coefficient were used to figure out the degree of time-delay in surface deformation following the fluctuation of groundwater table. Finally the storativity of Jingmei and Wuku formations are calculated. The results suggest that the surface deformation in Taipei area are mainly caused by consolidation of clay layers in Shongshan formation. The storativities of Jingmei and Wuku formations are between 0.7 × 10−3 and 2.0 × 10−3, respectively.

參考文獻


卓腕淇(2006)。台北盆地地下水位變遷與地盤變動。臺灣大學地質科學研究所,臺北市。
林銘軒(2013)。台北盆地水文地質架構及地層下陷之探討。國立臺灣大學地質科學研究所,臺北市。
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邱紀瑜(2011)。利用 GPS 觀測資料探討台北地區之地殼變形。國立中央大學地球物理研究所,桃園市。

被引用紀錄


董英宏(2017)。應用雷達持久散射體干涉技術與個別元素法評估山崩災害潛勢──以臺灣中部板岩區個案為例〔碩士論文,國立臺灣大學〕。華藝線上圖書館。https://doi.org/10.6342/NTU201704413

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