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  • 學位論文

唐代後期劍南地區軍鎮之研究

The Study of Armies and Garrisons of the Jiannan Area in the Late Tang Period

指導教授 : 甘懷真
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摘要


韋君靖刻石,一般稱為「韋君靖碑」或是「韋君靖建永昌寨記」,為現存於重慶大足區北山石窟的石刻史料。韋君靖刻石刊刻的時間點為895年(唐昭宗乾寧二年),起因為地方長官韋君靖在昌州大足縣建造一座軍事據點—永昌寨。永昌寨完工以後,韋君靖命令底下軍事判官胡密撰寫一篇紀念的文章,記載了韋君靖崛起的過程、永昌寨內部的防禦措施,以及韋君靖於寨內開鑿的佛像。另外,韋君靖將參與建造永昌寨的人員之姓名和官職,與胡密的文章一同刻在石壁上,兩者就構成韋君靖刻石全部的內容。 本篇論文的主旨,是要利用韋君靖刻石提供的資訊,針對唐代後期劍南地區於政治和社會等層面的發展,進行兩個方向的討論。首先,為韋君靖當時擔任的的「昌、普、渝、合四州都指揮」,也就是後來武信軍主要管轄的範圍。這個區域被獨立出來的原因,包含了過去隋、唐政權於劍南地區行政規劃演變的脈絡。接著,為韋君靖在大足當地的龍崗山上興建的永昌寨。從永昌寨展現的軍事、交通(商業)、佛教機能,能夠窺探當時一個地方聚落應有的樣貌。並且,永昌寨作為一個藩鎮在山地的據點,揭示唐朝於劍南地區支配型態的轉變。 依照上述的思考方向,本篇論文的架構分為緒論、第二章、第三章、結論四個章節。在緒論的部分,以韋君靖刻石的研究為出發點,延伸到有關藩鎮的支配體制、唐代後期地方勢力的發展基礎,以及劍南地區的地域條件,總共四個層面的研究回顧。在第二章「隋唐時期劍南地區行政建置的演變」的部分,先是從地形和交通的角度,瞭解劍南地區對於隋、唐政權的重要性。然後,開始討論隋朝在控制劍南地區實施的各項行政措施。特別是隋朝如何處理當地土著人群的獠,為其中相當重要的問題。唐朝在繼承隋朝於劍南地區的行政架構以後,也不斷進行調整來符合統治的需求,並且在區域規劃的考量上有著一致的脈絡。 在第三章「鎮與地方聚落的形成」的部分,首先談到永昌寨具備的的軍事、行政、交通、佛教的機能。在這些機能裡面,軍事、商業(交通)和佛教為影響當時地域社會的重要力量,不僅以鎮、草市、寺院的形式出現,更是組成一個地方聚落的共同要素。至於永昌寨建在山地的意義,反映藩鎮代替原有的州縣組織,能夠深入控制劍南地區的山地,為唐朝的支配體制帶來重大的轉變。最後,希望透過以上章節的討論,對於唐代後期劍南地區在政治和社會的變化,有著更為清楚的理解。並且,進一步在韋君靖刻石的基礎之上,連結唐宋之際在政治、社會等各個層面衍生的相關課題。

並列摘要


The Inscription of Wei Chun-Ching(韋君靖刻石), also known as “the Stele of Wei Chun-Ching (韋君靖碑)” or “the Memorial of the Completion of the Eternally Flourishing Stronghold(韋君靖建永昌寨記)”, is now preserved in the Beishan Grottoes, Dazu District, Chongqing(重慶大足區北山石窟). The inscription was completed in 895, because the prefect Wei Chun-Ching built a new stronghold named Eternally Flourishing Stronghold(永昌寨) in Dazu County, Changzhou(昌州大足縣). After the stronghold was completed, Wei ordered his military executive officer Hu Mi(軍事判官胡密) to write a commemorative article including the rise of Wei Chun-Ching, the defense of Eternally Flourishing Stronghold, and the Buddhist image sponsored by Wei. Simultaneously, the names and titles of Wei's followers were also inscribed with Hu's article on the same cliff. These two parts constituted the full content of the Inscription of Wei Chun-Ching. This thesis is a discussion about the development of politics and society of the Jiannan Area during the Late Tang period based on the analysis of the Inscription of Wei Chun-Ching. Firstly, the formation of the four prefectures of Changzhou Puzhou,Yuzhou, Hozhou(昌、普、渝、合四州都指揮) and its separation from Jiannan East Province(東川)in 897 AD is the result of a change of local administration in Jiannan Area from the Sui to Tang dynasty. Secondly, the examination of the Eternally Flourishing Stronghold built on Longgangshan(龍崗山)in Dazu County which served military, administrative, commerce, and religious functions is discussed. Through those functions, we can explore a probable way of life in the villages of the Late Tang period. In addition, the stronghold served as a garrison(鎮) of provincial commands(藩鎮)which revealed transformation of the Tang's domination in the Jiannan Area. According to the two directions above, I composed four chapters for this thesis. In the introduction, I reviewed four types of studies based on the Inscription of Wei Chun-Ching. In Chapter 1, I analyzed the importance of the Jiannan Area for the Sui and Tang due to its topography and traffic. Following, I discussed the administrative policies in the Jiannan Area during the Sui's domination, especially how the Sui interacted with the native “Liao(獠)”. Inherited from the Sui's local administration, the Tang continued to adjust that to fulfill its demands to dominate the Jiannan area. In Chapter 2, I focused on functions which the Eternally Flourishing Stronghold had at first. Military, commerce (traffic), and religion were influential powers in local society, not only appeared as garrisons, markets, and temples, but also became common elements of villages. Furthermore, the symbolic stronghold built on the hill represented the transition from a local government to a provincial government(州縣組織)to control the mountain region in the Jiannan Area, and brought a significant transformation to the Tang's domination. In brief, I hope through these discussions about the Inscription of Wei Chun-Ching we can improve our comprehension about the development of politics and society of the Jiannan Area in the Late Tang period, and use this inscription as a key point to expand the current understanding of the TangSong transformation(唐宋變革).

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