日本森林以民有林為主,約占森林面積之69.4%,其林業經營體系由林野廳等行政部門,以及森林組合、法人團體、非營利組織等民間組織組織而成,各組織扮演著不同角色。此外,日本林業體制具有專業分工之特性,專業人員進用與證照制度完善,並配合林業人員培訓制度,如「綠的雇用」。 相對而言,台灣森林以國有林為主,森林經營工作主要由行政院農業委員會林務局辦理,因此,台灣林業民間團體少,專業人員之進用與證照制度亦僅有公務人員考試及技師考試制度。 本研究利用比較分析法,藉由日本林業體制與人員進用制度之認識,比較台灣林業相關制度,以日本林業之優點作為學習對象,針對台灣林業發展,提出建議方向,期望建立更完善之林業體制。
The most of forest in Japan is private. The forest management system in Japan is included Forestry Agency and non-government organization such as Forest Owners’ Co-operative, legal entity, and non-profit organization. Each organization plays a important role. Furthermore, this forestry organization is characterized by professional division. The forestry s professional qualification and certification systemare also well, coupled with training systems, such as "Green Employment Policy". In contrast, Taiwan forests are mostly national forests. The national forest is managed by Forestry Bureau. Therefore, there is few non-government organization of forestry in Taiwan. The forestry professional qualification and certification systems have only Civil Service Examination and Examinations for Professional and Technical Personnel. This study used the comparative analysis method. By knowing the forestry organization and professional qualification system in Japan, the study compares the relevant systems in Taiwan. The strength of Japan forestry as a learning object, this study propose some suggestions for the future development of Taiwan Forestry.