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  • 學位論文

臺灣公營事業民營化對受僱員工薪資、就業與福利之影響 ─長期追蹤分析

Wage, Employment and Welfare Effects of Privatization in Taiwan: A Longitudinal Analysis

指導教授 : 黃芳玫

摘要


過去臺灣公營事業民營化之研究,多著重於經營績效改善及個案分析之面向,然民營化除了與組織架構之改變息息相關,更可能影響其受僱員工之切身權益。員工害怕新僱主藉由減薪、裁員或削減員工福利等方式來改善企業之體質,故過去在臺灣及國際上皆時常可見工會與民間團體進行民營化之抗爭,然而過往之文獻對於民營化之薪資、就業與福利之影響未有定見,且臺灣在此一領域之研究,因缺乏適當之資料形式因而付之闕如,未能以透過量化方式,並以員工角度出發,對臺灣整體公營事業民營化之效果進行全面性之瞭解。本文乃透過1994至2010年由行政院主計總處所執行之受僱員工動向調查與受僱員工薪資調查之串聯資料,運用廠商固定效果及給定個別廠商不同之成長趨勢等追蹤資料計量方法,分析臺灣公營事業民營化對其受僱員工影響之長期趨勢。研究發現,在模型設定控制廠商規模、年份、地區、廠商特質及個別成長趨勢之下,臺灣公營事業民營化對公營製造業之薪資呈現微幅負面影響,對公營金融業從業人員短期內可能有裁員情形。而在與非薪資報酬相關的員工福利層面上,發現在短期內製造業員工福利上升,金融業則呈現下降。上述發現表示,臺灣公營事民營化對於事業體受僱員工之影響取決於產業之別,未必然造成負面影響,可供未來相關單位推行民營化政策或檢討作參考之用。

並列摘要


Previous research on the privatization has primarily focused on performance and efficiency improvement or are in the form of case studies. However, a privatization concerns not only the organization but also the rights and interests of the employees who work in the privatized entity. The labor unions often started protests against privatization based on the concern that the new employers would prescribe new policies to improve the performance by laying off, launching pay cuts or other means which may undermine the workers’ benefits. In previous studies, the investigation on these aforementioned benefits were incomplete. Furthermore, the researches on this topic in Taiwan are often limited by the absence of properly formed data, there is no publication seeking to gain a comprehensive understanding to the effects on privatization under quantitative means. For analyzing the long-term impact on the employees of privatized enterprises, our research merges the Employee's Movement Survey and the Employee's Earnings Survey from 1994 to 2010. Under the panel data model with the size, year, location, characteristic and trend of the firm as control variables, the privatization itself has a slight negative impact on state-owned manufacturing enterprises employees’ wage, while state-owned financial entities may cut down on the personnel size. As for the non-salary compensation, we have discovered that the welfare of manufacturing enterprises have improved in the short-term and the welfare of financial entities has dropped. The aforementioned situation proposes that privatization effects exist inter-industry-differences and do not necessarily make a negative impact on employees. These results could be utilized for relevant institutions to help facilitate or reexamine the privatization policies.

參考文獻


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