遠端操作吊車之介面設計

Interface Design of a Tele-operated Crane

陳以蓁(Yi-Chen Chen)

指導教授 ： 康仕仲

國立臺灣大學/工學院/土木工程學研究所/碩士(2011年)

https://doi.org/10.6342/NTU.2011.00763

摘要

吊車是工地中用來移動建材的主要機具之一，然而在執行吊裝任務時，環境、機具限制、人為、溝通等因素，都會分散駕駛的注意力，讓吊車操作處於不安全的狀態。而吊車所造成的工地意外事件，也是影響工地安全的因素之一。近年來遠端操作的概念被提出，致力於降低在工地操作的人員數量，提升人員工作的安全性。本研究的目標為設計一個以注意力為基礎的介面系統，來輔助遠端吊車的操作。此介面包含了四個單元本：Field Information Collector、Virtual Information Collector、Operation Guider、Attention-based Interface。 系統利用攝影機擷取工地環境的場景，並從BIM中獲得模型及排程等資訊，利用增加實境的方式，結合吊車真實操作環境與虛擬工地，提供路徑規劃輔助操作，並由系統判定可能產生風險的因子提出警告。在介面部分，根據注意力區分為三種Views，操作時，使用者可將注意力置放於" Focused View"，此畫面會顯示虛擬的路徑，並提供多個角度地的工地場景影像。操作人員可以依賴這些資訊完成操作。"Ambient View"提供輔助的資訊，這些資訊包含數值的資料，或是圖像化的資料，操作者可以很容易地找到他所需的資料在上方的螢幕。當某個資訊有可能產生危險時，"Alert View"會自動提出警告，事先做出反應避免危險的發生。本研究進行三十人的測試來驗證這種介面的設計，受測者在測試中必須使用我們所開發的介面進行吊裝任務。結果顯示本研究所開發的介面，具備良好的使用性，並能降低百分之五十七在吊裝過程中所產生的碰撞，增加吊車操作的安全性。

關鍵字

遠端操作 ； 增加實境 ； 路徑規劃 ； 人機介面

並列摘要

Cranes play important roles on construction sites. During operation, the crane operator can be distracted by a multitude of factors, leading to hazardous operational environments which can result in accidents. Recent investigations into the potentials of tele-operation have revealed that risks to human safety at the jobsite can be reduced drastically with the removal of the need for many personnel to be physically onsite. This research focused on the interface design of a tele-operated crane. Four modules were developed to assist the operators in remotely manipulating a crane. The field information collector integrates the information obtained from video cameras situated at different locations on the jobsite. The virtual information collector retrieves the information from the Building Information Model (BIM). The operation guider processes the information from the various sources and calculates safe and efficient paths for the erections. The attention-based interface has been designed with consideration of how the users’ attention is divided into three view types. The operator pays most attention to "focused views", which is located at the center of the display, and shows a scene of the construction site and the erection path. The "ambient views", displayed at the top of the screen provide additional information such as height, collision distance, and crane capacity. When the operational environment becomes dangerous, the "alert views" will send a warning to the operator so that accidents can be avoided. To verify the usability of the interface, we conducted a user test in a simulated environment using a robot arm. The results indicate that the interface prevented 57% of collisions and reduced the task load of operators. We also found that the interface resulted in high levels of user satisfaction. The utility rate of the different view types was found to be correlated with specific erection activities. The research results provide an ideal reference for designing user interfaces of tele-operated cranes in the future.

並列關鍵字

tele-operation ； augmented reality ； path planning ； user interface

參考文獻

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