巧法與巧思—清乾隆朝轉心瓶的相關問題

乾隆皇帝可以說是中國歷代以來對藝術文化最致力發展的一位皇帝，他所贊助藝術製作的深度與廣度至今仍為後代學者提供源源不絕的研究題材與靈感。本論文欲透過處理乾隆朝官窯陶瓷「新樣」的代表之一—轉心瓶，來看乾隆皇帝對於當朝工藝的經營與創作巧思。轉心瓶代表著精巧的工藝且隱含著微型世界概念的工藝品，其觀看的視覺體驗不同於其他工藝品，在觀看時觀者仿佛置身於另一個平行空間中，然而過往研究中，往往多注意於技術層面的討論，缺乏從視覺特徵的表現與特殊的視覺經驗對其做更深入的研究。筆者在清宮檔案文獻整理的過程中，還注意到乾隆朝官窯陶瓷「新樣」的表現存在較我們過去認知中更多的面向，需要進一步深入探求其背後的想法。透過實物的具體考察與檔案文獻的爬梳比對，筆者認為「巧」是乾隆皇帝在當朝陶瓷工藝製作具體的品味展現之一，在轉心瓶這個案例中我們可以充分看見乾隆朝官窯工匠如何在作品形式上展現巧法，更可看到乾隆皇帝對於各種傳統如何進行理解與再詮釋的巧思。

關鍵字

乾隆；磁胎洋彩；新樣；轉心瓶；唐英

並列摘要

Emperor Qianlong can be said to be an emperor who has been the most dedicated to the development of art culture in China. The depth and breadth of art production he sponsored still provide an endless research theme and inspiration for future generations of scholars. This thesis is to see the Emperor Qianlong's management and creative thinking about contemporary craftsmanship through Revolving vase that one of the representatives of the "new style" of the Qianlong dynasty Ching-te-chen kiln’s ceramics. The Revolving vase represents a craftsmanship with ingenious craftsmanship and implies a miniature world concept. The visual experience of viewing is different from other handicrafts. When watching, the viewer seems to be in another parallel space. However, in the past research, he often pays more attention to the technical discussion, lacking the performance of visual features and special visual experience. This is worth doing more in-depth research. In the process of sorting out the archives of the Qing dynasty, the author also noticed that the performance of the "new style" of the Qianlong dynasty Ching-te-chen kiln’s ceramics is more oriented than our past cognition, and further exploration of the ideas behind it is needed. Through the specific investigation of the physical objects and the comparison of the archival , the author believes that "Qiao" is one of the concrete tastes of the Qianlong Emperor in the contemporary ceramic craftsmanship.. In the case of the Revolving vase, We can see how the craftsmen of Qianlong Ching-te-chen kilns show their cleverness in the form of works, and can also see the ingenuity of the Emperor Qianlong's understanding and reinterpretation of various traditions.