倫理本位文化中的親子角色義務與親子互動

華人社會為倫理本位（Ethic-centered），以「角色義務」為先之倫理，人際互動以合於角色義務為重要考量。親子關係作為五倫之首，無論為人父母或為人子女雙方都有其應盡之角色義務，盡義務有其重要的價值，是否盡其角色義務也影響親子互動。本論文進行五套研究來探討當父母或子女執行或違反義務對親子互動的影響：（1）研究一首先將倫理學上的義務分類化為可進行實徵操作的定義與測量，並以此架構分類衝突事件，探討從子女角度來看父母的執行或違反義務行為而引發的親子衝突對衝突前後親子關係的影響。（2）研究二則以子女角度看子女本身執行或違反義務之所引發之親子衝突對衝突前後親子關係變化的影響。以上兩個研究皆發現，不管父母或子女執行義務都會發生衝突，但若原先為實性和諧，在衝突一週後會恢復回原來的親子關係，反之，若違反強制義務，即使原先為實性和諧，都在一個月或一年內才能恢復衝突前的關係。（3）研究三探討相對/絕對倫理互動方式對親子關係之影響。研究發現：親子互動時，不管對方是否先盡其義務，另一方都要盡好自己的義務，才是應該的，才算符合倫理。但不管父母是否盡其義務，只要子女方不盡義務，如：「父不慈/子不孝」、「子不孝/父不慈」、「父慈/子不孝」、「子不孝/父慈」的互動方式其親子關係最差，顯示子女一方不盡義務對親子關係較具殺傷力。（4）研究四與研究五探討在新的權利倫理碰上原有的義務倫理兩者關係為何？研究四探討父母或子女要求「擁有權」的正當性是否會受其先前是否盡其角色義務所影響？研究發現：父母或子女在盡其角色義務後，要求「擁有權」的正當性沒有增加；但若違反強制義務，要求「擁有權」的正當性就下降。（5）研究五探討父母或子女要求「免於權」的正當性是否會受其先前是否盡其角色義務所影響？研究發現：在犯錯情境中，不管是子女或父母，平日若有盡其角色義務便可增加要求「免於權」之正當性；反之，平日若違反角色義務，要求「免於權」的正當性就會下降，顯示擁有權利的正當性並非不變，而是否先前角色義務所影響。期盼此一系列的研究對倫理本位文化中的親子角色義務與親子互動提供了更深層之理解。

關鍵字

角色規範；相對/絕對倫理；家庭倫理；義務取向；擁有權/免於權

並列摘要

Cultural Chinese society, such as Taiwanese society, is the Ethic-centered society regarding interpersonal ethics as standard and emphasizing obligations fulfilling, especially in the parent-child relationship. This research aims to understand the effect of parents’ and children’s fulfilling or violating role obligations in parent-child interaction to draw the picture of role obligations under Ethic-centered Chinese culture. Five sets of empirical studies were employed. In study 1 and study 2, these two studies used an “obligation-based” perspective taken by university students to explore parent-child conflict events and their relation. The results showed three kinds of obligations events, “fulfill positive”, “violate uncompulsory” and “violate compulsory” obligation were the best predictors of parent-child relation after conflict. And, parent-child relationship prior to the conflict, described as a genuine or a superficial harmony, was found to moderate the relationship after conflict. Study 3 showed parents or children should fulfill their obligations even the opposite side violated theirs previously. More, the parent-children relationship became the worst only the children violated their obligations instead of parents. Finally, the study 4 and 5 explored phenomenon of the Right-centered ethic met into the Obligation-centered ethic. Study 4 showed when parents and children fulfilled their obligations ordinarily, they didn’t have more levels of legality to ask having parent’s discipline and children’s autonomy right. However, if they violated their compulsory obligations, they had less levels of legality to ask right. Study 5 showed if parents or children fulfill their obligations ordinarily, they have more levels of legality to ask rejecting to be alienated or punished. On the contrary, if they violated compulsory obligations, they have less levels of legality to ask refusing right.