性別平等程度對性別暴力案件發生率的影響

性別平等與性別暴力之間的關係在女性主義理論中得到廣泛關注，在實證研究中對於性別平等程度提高是否可減少性別暴力的估計則同時存在正向及負向的研究結果，因此對於性別平等對於性別暴力的影響仍未有具一致性的結論。本研究使用2005-2017年台灣縣市動態追蹤資料，採用OLS、固定效果模型及系統GMM等方法，以女性絕對地位和相對地位指標做為台灣社會性別平等程度的代理變數，藉以估計性別平等程度對於性侵害犯罪率以及親密關係暴力發生率等性別暴力的影響。在控制時間固定效果的系統GMM的女性相對地位模型估計結果顯示，高等教育性別比對性侵害犯罪率和親密關係暴力發生率均具有顯著的正向相關，而民意代表性別比越高，性侵害犯罪率則越低。本研究結論同時支持反擊假設和改善假設，此結果或可推論出不同層面的性別平等程度對於性別暴力的影響方向有所差異。

關鍵字

性別平等；性別暴力；性侵害；親密關係暴力；動態追蹤資料；系統GMM

並列摘要

The relationship between gender equality and gender-based violence has been widely debated in feminist theories since both a positive and negative relationship is detected in previous researches. Based on Taiwan's regional dynamic panel data from 2005 to 2017, this thesis uses women's absolute and relative socioeconomic status as proxy variables of gender equality, applies the system GMM approach along with OLS and fixed-effect model to investigate the influence of gender equality on gender-based violence, including sexual assault crime and intimate partner violence. The estimation from system GMM approach of women's relative socioeconomic status variables with time dummies indicates that the gender equality in higher education has significantly positive influence on both sexual assault crime rates and incidence rates of intimate partner violence, the gender equality in legislature member leads to lower sexual assault crime rates. This finding support both backlash hypothesis and ameliorative hypothesis, potentially indicating that the socioeconomic status in specific spheres contribute different influence on gender-based violence.