在溫室效應嚴重的前提下,室外溫度升高,進入室內的熱增加,冷氣耗能增加,將會有能源匱乏的時候。本研究利用相變材料具有的潛熱,可吸收大量熱源的特性,探討相變牆板在台灣台北市氣候條件下,模擬室內環境的溫度表現行為。 分三大部分進行實驗與模擬分析,第一部分為相變混凝土的基本熱傳導性質,包含熱傳導係數計算公式中的熱擴散係數、熱容量和單位重,相變材料添加量越高,混凝土的單位重會下降;相變材料添加量越高,熱容量越高,且在標準相變溫度下,會有峰值的產生;因相變材料阻擋熱(冷)源前進的效果,造成添加相變材料後,熱擴散係數有下降的情形;最後熱傳導係數在非相變段溫度時,添加量越高,熱傳導係數越低,進入相變段溫度後,熱傳導係數的曲線有相互交疊的現象,添加量10%、20%、30%的熱傳導係數峰值分別為1.73 W/m∙K、1.61 W/m∙K、1.67 W/m∙K,皆低於未添加相變材料之混凝土的熱傳導係數2.0 W/m∙K。 第二部分為熱貫流試驗,利用台大土木材料實驗室的熱貫流儀器進行溫度排程的測試,採用台北市2012年的夏季溫度及冬季溫度和設計的循環溫度進行設定,夏季溫度測試可發現複合牆板中的相變材料添加量增加,模擬室內側的高溫溫度有降低的現象,且高溫峰值發生的時間往後延遲;冬季溫度測試則發現添加量增加,低溫溫度有上升的情形;循環試驗為20℃~40℃、12小時一次的循環,加入相變材料後,可將溫度控制在較小的溫度區間內,添加量0%、10%、20%、30%的高低溫度差異分別為9.6℃、7.4℃、5.7℃、5.1℃,但延遲的時間較夏季試驗結果短。 第三部分為ABAQUS模擬分析,針對循環試驗的結果進行比較,對於添加相變材料的溫度控制行為,軟體模擬有準確的結果;高溫峰值延遲的現象在軟體模擬中也可看見。
In the condition of greenhouse effect and outdoor temperature raised, the heat which enters into the indoor increases. The air conditioning energy consumption will increase, causing the energy shortage. In the study, the phase change materials have the latent heat, which can absorb large amounts of heat. The research is about investigating the characteristics of the phase change wallboard in Taipei weather conditions and the behavior of the indoor ambient temperature performance. There are three parts of experimental and simulation analysis. The first part is the heat conduction properties of the phase change concrete, including the thermal diffusivity, heat capacity and the unit weight in the formula for calculating thermal conductivity. When the amount of phase change materials increased, the concrete is lighter. When the amount of phase change materials increased, the heat capacity is higher. There is a peak on the standard phase transition temperature. Due to the phase change materials resist heat (cold) source from advancing, which concrete adds the phase change materials, the thermal diffusivity will decrease. The final, thermal conductivity in the non-phase change temperature section is lower, when the amount of phase change materials increased. In the phase change temperature section, the thermal conductivity coefficient curves overlap. Addition of 10%, 20% and 30% thermal conductivity peaks are 1.73 W/m∙K, 1.61 W/m∙K and 1.67 W/m∙K, which are lower than the thermal conductivity (2.0 W/m∙K) of the concrete without adding the phase change materials. The second part is hot box tests. Our group uses the hot box instrument in NTU civil engineering materials laboratory, sets Taipei 2012 summer temperatures, winter temperatures and design cycle temperature as schedule of testing. In summer test, when the amount of phase change materials increased, the indoor high temperature is lower and high-temperature peak time of occurrence delays. In winter test, found that addition of the phase change materials causes the rising of low temperature. The cycle test of 20℃~40℃, 12 hours a cycle, adding phase change materials, the temperature can be controlled in a small temperature range. The the temperature differences of addition of 0%, 10%, 20%, 30% are 9.6℃, 7.4℃, 5.7℃, 5.1℃, but the delay time are shorter than the summer test results. The third part is ABAQUS simulation analysis for the cycle test. Comparing the results for the phase transition temperature of the material added control behavior, software simulations have accurate results. Temperature peak delay phenomenon in the software simulation can also be seen.