保險業併購監理規範之研究─以外商人壽保險公司退出台灣市場為例

近年來，基於投資、法規或社經環境變遷，導致多家外國保險業選擇退出台灣保險市場之舉。本文認為保險是百年事業，各國對保險市場之監理均強調需有長期經營之決心。因此，保險監理機關在面對經營權變更之際，對受讓人應要求其董事會成員、高階管理人、具控制權能之重要職員需具履行各自的職責之能力與誠信以符合其適格性。而對於保險公司之大股東，需具履行其職責之財務能力與誠信。我國保險法第139條之1、2有關股權移轉之審查要件，明定對於計畫取得保險公司的重大股權或其利益之法人或自然人，必須取得主管機關之許可，如其結果可導致該人直接或間接，單獨或合作，對保險公司可行使控制權。至於，有關業務移轉部分，我國保險法並無任何特別規定，因此，本文建議移轉全部或部分保險人之業務時，應經監理官許可。除其他事項外，監理官應考量讓與人及受讓人之財務狀況。監理官應確信讓與人及受讓人的保戶權益有受到保障。惟本文強調者是，法規明確性有其必要性，但也要授權主管機關有足夠裁量空間，畢竟保險業個別屬性、規模大小不一，加上社會、經濟環境變遷，在不同空間下，不可能以一套一成不變規定作為准駁依據，因此，本文建議立法者應保有足夠授權空間，讓保險主管機關於面對瞬息萬變之環境下，能於兼顧我國保險業之發展，謹慎審查每一個案。惟有如此，才能提出一套健全台灣保險市場之監理方針。

關鍵字

股權移轉；業務移轉；併購五大原則；保險法；外國人壽保險公司

並列摘要

In recent years, due to investment, regulation or socioeconomic environment changes, a number of foreign insurance companies chose to opt out of insurance market in Taiwan. This paper argues that insurance is a long-term business, the competent authorities of the insurance market have stressed the need to have a commitment to long-term operations. Accordingly, the supervisor requires that in order to be suitable, Board Members, Senior Management and Key Persons in Control Functions possess competence and integrity to fulfil their roles. Significant Owners are required to have the financial soundness and integrity necessary to fulfil their roles. Subject to the Insurance Act article 139, section 1, 2, supervisory approval is required for proposals to acquire significant ownership or an interest in an insurer that results in that person (legal or natural), directly or indirectly, alone or with an associate, exercising control over the insurer, but the same rules do not apply to portfolio transfers or mergers of insurers. This article proposes thatthe transfer of all or a part of an insurer’s business is subject to approval by the supervisor, taking into account, amongst other things, the financial position of the transferee and the transferor. The supervisor satisfies itself that the interests of the policyholders of both the transferee and transferor will be protected. This paper emphasizes that regulatory clarity is necessary, but the mandate and responsibilities of the supervisor and gives the supervisor adequate powers to conduct insurance supervision, including powers to issue and enforce rules by administrative means and take immediate action. The method of approval may differ in order to take into account the nature, scale and complexity of an entity conducting insurance activities. Therefore, this paper suggests that legislation should clearly defines the objectives of insurance supervision and the mandate and responsibilities of the supervisor and gives the supervisor adequate powers to conduct insurance supervision, including powers to issue and enforce rules by administrative means and take immediate action. This is the only way that can propose a sound policy for the insurance market in Taiwan.