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  • 學位論文

痲瘋樹籽粕對其生育之影響

Jatropha seed cake effects the growth of Jatropha curcas

指導教授 : 黃文達
共同指導教授 : 楊棋明(Chi-Ming Yang)

摘要


痲瘋樹 (Jatropha curcas L.) 廣泛分布於熱帶及亞熱帶地區,對土壤及環境適應性高,其種子油脂含量高,可作為生質柴油替代燃料。痲瘋樹生長在貧脊的環境,不與糧食作物爭地,植株生質量高,適合作為植生復育,也是天然有機碳庫。煉製的生質柴油,產生較低的環境污染,並且將種籽榨油過後之廢棄產物,作為堆肥,可達到農業零廢棄物目的。 本研究利用種籽榨油過後之籽粕 (Seed cake) 、果殼 (Hull) 及每年修剪痲瘋樹之莖桿木屑 (Sawdust) ,作為堆肥主要材料,經過室內及室外醱酵方式,測其腐熟度。痲瘋樹幼苗分別施加不同等級的籽粕堆肥與化學肥料進行比較試驗,調查痲瘋樹生育狀況與測量光合作用效率,評估堆肥之效益,並檢定籽粕堆肥是否具有相剋潛勢。 結果顯示,化學肥料高氮素等級下,雖然有高葉綠素含量指數,因氣孔導度的降低,沒有顯著提高光合作用能力。而痲瘋樹籽粕堆肥於高氮素等級,光合作用參數Pn (Net CO2 assimilation rate) 、Ci (Intercellular CO2 concentration) 、gs (Stomatal conductance) 才有提升,顯示痲瘋樹籽粕堆肥雖可提供營養元素供幼苗生長使用,但仍需要較長期之分解。於堆肥處理下的葉綠素螢光非光化學消散 (Non-photochemical quenching, NPQ) 增加,有助於痲瘋樹幼株在遭遇環境逆境時啟動光保護機制。在生物檢定 (Bioassay) 之結果顯示,室內醱酵較室外醱酵處理組,有明顯抑制種子胚根、胚軸生長的情形;而總酚含量與生物檢定也有相似的結果,推論醱酵腐熟度較完全的痲瘋樹籽粕堆肥,其相剋潛勢降低,而減少對栽培作物之生育影響。

並列摘要


Jatropha curcas is widely distributed in tropical and subtropical regions with the high adaptability in soil and environment. The seeds with high oil content could be converted into the biodiesel as an alternative fuel. It can grow in barren soil and not compete with food crops. With high biomass production, it is suitable for phytoremediation as a carbon sink. The biodiesel produced less environmental pollution. The waste products of seeds after oil extraction as manures can also achieve zero waste agriculture purposes. After the seeds were crushed, waste productions were produced, like seed cake, hull and the annual pruning of the stems, are the main materials of compost. Measure its maturity after indoor and outdoor fermentation. Jatropha seedlings were applied different levels of seed cake compost and chemical fertilizer to perform a comparison test. Investigate Jatropha curcas growth parameters and photosynthesis rate to assess the effectiveness of seed cake compost, and test whether the compost has allelopathic potential. The results showed that the chemical fertilizer applied high nitrogen level didn’t significantly increase photosynthesis as lower stomatal conductance though it has the high chlorophyll index. Moreover, Jatropha curcas seed cake compost must apply to high nitrogen levels to raise photosynthesis Pn (Net CO2 assimilation rate) 、Ci (Intercellular CO2 concentration) 、gs (Stomatal conductance) . It indicates that Jatropha curcas seed cake compost provides nutrients for seedling growth, however still need more long-term decompose. In compost treatment, the chlorophyll fluorescence non-photochemical quenching increases to induce light protection help relieve environmental stress. According to bioassay results, the indoor fermentation compared to outdoor fermentation treatment, significantly inhibited the root and hypocotyl growth. Similar results were obtained with the total phenolic content. Inference that more complete fermentation maturity which reduces the allelopathic potential, will not impact on fertility of cultivated crops.

參考文獻


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