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  • 學位論文

新型光控制分子轉動元件之合成與性質研究

Synthesis and characterization of a new light-controlled molecular rotary device

指導教授 : 楊吉水
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摘要


近幾年來,科學家致力於發展分子機械,希望藉由化學合成的方式,製備出具有機械式運作的奈米分子元件,以突破物理上元件尺寸縮小的限制。本篇論文主要是合成新型五苯荑衍生之二苯乙烯化合物,並研究其光控制之分子轉動性質,以期應用於一分子機械元件之設計。 我們利用具有醛基的五苯荑分子14進行Wittig reaction以得到化合物1~5,此一系列分子主要由五苯荑基團與不同位置 (鄰位與間位) 帶有硝基與甲氧基的苯乙烯兩部分組成,由於分子中心部分具有似二苯乙烯的結構,可藉由照光進行異構化反應來控制其分子轉動行為,當化合物1~5在反式結構時,其五苯荑基團與乙烯基間的單鍵可自由旋轉,但經光致異構化成順式結構時,由於帶有不同取代的苯環與五苯荑基團在空間上具有立體阻礙,使得此單鍵的轉動變得困難。在室溫1H-NMR圖譜中,化合物cis-1的質子訊號有明顯的分裂,可知道化合物cis-1的單鍵轉動速率低於NMR偵測頻率,而化合物cis-2~cis-5的質子訊號則較為寬鬆,即單鍵轉動頻率接近NMR偵測頻率。根據變溫1H-NMR實驗,其單鍵轉動所需活化能(kcal/mole)依序為cis-1 ( 17.16 )>cis-2 ( 15.07 )>cis-5 ( 15.04 )>cis-4 ( 14.69 )>cis-3 ( 12.63 )。 化合物1在306 nm光照射下達到平衡時的順式與反式比例為75 : 25,在254 nm時順式與反式比例則為55 : 45,大約有20 %的化合物1可進行光轉換,而化合物3~5在352 nm光照射下順式異構物的比例可達到95 %,以254 nm光照射時則順式與反式的比例為55 : 45,約有40 %的比例可進行光轉換。

並列摘要


In recent years, scientists have devoted to developing molecular machines by chemical synthesis. A variety of molecular machines, including motors, shuttles, switches, and elevators, has been reported. In this thesis, we report on a new “ light-controlled molecular rotary ” system, which consists of two main components: a four-bladed pentiptycene and substituted styrene. The substituent in the styryl group is 3,5-dinitro (1), 4-nitro (2), 3,5-dimethoxy (4), 4-methoxy (5).The pentiptycene and substituted styrene are connected by a single bond that functions as an axle. When the molecule is in the trans form, the pentiptycene group rotates freely at room temperature. Upon irradiation, the double bond isomerizes and the substituted styryl group inserts to the cavity of pentiptycene, which blocks its rotation. According to variable-temperature 1H-NMR, the rotational barrier(kcal/mol)of single bond is cis-1 ( 17.16 )>cis-2 ( 15.07 )>cis-5 ( 15.04 )>cis-4 ( 14.69 )>cis-3 ( 12.63 ). The photostationary state of compound 1 in CH2Cl2 is cis-1/trans-1=75/25(λ=306 nm) and trans-1/cis-1=45/55(λ=254 nm). This, the constitution of compound 1 can be switched by light by about 20 %. The switching percentage is longer for compound 3~5, which is about 40 %, from cis/trans=95/5(306 nm)to trans/cis=55/45(λ=254 nm)

參考文獻


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