延續文化認同香火——馬祖擺暝文化祭對在地發展與文化認同變遷影響

本研究探究馬祖擺暝觀光節慶建構集體記憶，形塑馬祖意象並影響文化認同發展。擺暝文化祭是馬祖「集體記憶」的建構過程，地方透過媒體資源、節慶習俗活動發展，整合馬祖四鄉五島的元宵習俗，串聯成「馬祖擺暝」文化意象。　　研究發現觀光開啟馬祖與他者文化接觸機會，影響馬祖人「文化統合」區辨與調適文化差異，也使馬祖人意識文化特殊性，增加對擺暝的文化歸屬，並且擴大文化投入參與範圍和文化認知程度；而文化投入的提升，再強化文化歸屬，同時擴張年輕族群文化歸屬的依附範圍——從認同廟宇習俗至認同集體擺暝文化，形成對馬祖集體的自我認同與歸屬感。馬祖認同在「整體性馬祖文化」的觀光策略下，打破既有廟宇歸屬的範圍，再建構跨區域的集體文化認同。　　本研究以擺暝文化祭說明馬祖「挪用」他者形式發展文化主體性，面對文化商品化與混雜文化的危機，嘗試自我文化主體的觀光化路徑。將建構擺暝集體記憶作為馬祖復振文化的工具，因應地方傳統面臨人口流失、文化延續斷層等種種問題，促成宣傳文化、延續傳統並重新界定馬祖群體認同的邊界。

關鍵字

集體記憶；文化認同；集體認同；節慶觀光；馬祖

並列摘要

This research examines how the construction of the collective memory of Baiming Cultural Festival (Baiming Carnival) in Matsu shapes the Matsu image and impacts on the development of cultural identity. Baiming Cultural Festival can be seen as a process for Matsu to construct the "collective memory"; Through cooperating with media, involving Festival customs and integrating Lantern festival traditions on the Matsu island chain, the local communities manage to unite a cultural image of "Baiming in Matsu." 　It's shown in the study that the tourism development opens a door for others to contact Matsu culture; Moreover, it brings influences on how people in Matsu distinguish and adjust themselves to differences in the "cultural integration," and becoming aware of the distinction of their own culture. With a rise in cultural involvement, cultural belongings for younger generation are reinforced and extended—from an identity based on temple customs toward an identity shared through Baiming culture; thus, this forms a sense of self-identity and belongings collectively. Under the strategy of "Matsu culture as a whole," Matsu identity breaks through the existent barriers based on temples and furthermore reconstructs collective cultural identity across the region. 　Through an examination on Baiming Cultural Festival, this research elaborates how Matsu "appropriates" perspectives from others to establish its own cultural subjectivity, and that helps Matsu to build up new tourism approaches in facing culture commercialization and cultural mixing crisis. In response to challenges such as population loss and cultural discontinuity, the construction of Baiming as a collective memory has become a tool for Matsu to revive, promote and continue its distinct culture, meanwhile redefining the collective identity of Matsu.