製藥產業併購與最高行政法院商譽攤銷決議

Mergers and Acquisitions in the Pharmaceutical Industry and the Resolution Made by the Supreme Administrative Court on the Issue of Amortization for Goodwill

陳擎宇(Ching-Yu Chen)

指導教授 ： 葛克昌 教授

國立臺灣大學/法律學院/科際整合法律學研究所/碩士(2017年)

https://doi.org/10.6342/NTU201700963

摘要

企業併購為企業競合發展中重要之一環，對經濟發展影響重大，各國無不積極鼓勵併購，台灣亦在相關租稅制度建置上允許併購商譽進行攤銷，然而在稅捐稽徵實務上，依照最高行政法院 100 年度 12 月份第 1 次庭長法官聯席會議，納稅義務人需證明其收購成本符合「合理性」、「必要性」等抽象要件，方得攤銷，導致納稅義務人多半敗訴，不但危及企業併購意願、損及經濟發展，亦對納稅義務人之基本權造成嚴重侵害。就此本文擬分兩部分分析該號決議，第一部分將選定在企業併購過程中估價格外困難的製藥產業為例，從製藥產業的特性介紹，再到製藥產業與傳統企業併購估價方式之本質差異，說明該號決議所提出之抽象要件與舉證責任分配標準，將會對台灣製藥產業發展帶來如何不利之影響，期待能提供一個有別於傳統法理探討的觀察角度以利立法論上之討論。第二部分就該號決議主要法理缺失進行探討，重點將放在該號決議對舉證責任分配之誤解與未注意對商業經營管理所產生之干預上。論文最後學生將參酌比較法與前述分析，對該號決議提出修正建議。

關鍵字

商譽攤銷 ； 舉證責任 ； 協力義務 ； 職權調查 ； 製藥產業 ； 併購估價

並列摘要

Mergers and acquisitions (M&A) is a crucial part of business cooperation and competition and is so important for economic development that policymakers around the world provide tax incentives to encourage M&A. Taiwanese tax law, too, allows amortization for goodwill generated in M&A. Yet in practice, according to the Resolution of the first joint session of Supreme Administrative Court in December 2011, taxpayers must prove that the consideration paid generating the goodwill meets the abstract requirements such as “reasonable” and ”necessary” to qualify for amortization. As a result, taxpayers rarely prevail in lawsuits, which makes M&A a less favorable option for corporations and thus obstructs economic development. Individual taxpayers’ fundamental rights are seriously affected as well. This thesis aims at examining the Resolution from a nontraditional viewpoint and providing legislative proposals. The analysis is divided into two parts: the first part addresses the characteristics of the pharmaceutical industry and its essential difference from traditional M&A in terms of M&A evaluation, which is exceptionally difficult, and then explains how the abstract requirements and burden of proof requirements adversely affect the pharmaceutical industry in Taiwan. The second part discusses the main legal defects of the Resolution, focusing on the disproportionate burden of proof and the excessive interference of business administration. Lastly, the thesis compares the previous analysis with other countries’ experiences, provide recommends amendment to the Resolution.

並列關鍵字

goodwill amortization expense ； burden of proof ； cooperative duties ； administrative authority investigation ； pharmaceutical industry ； Mergers and acquisitions valuation.

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