監察院調查權制度與運作實務之探討

THE ANALYSIS OF THE SYSTEM AND OPERATION OF THE INVESTIGATION POWER IN THE CONTROL YUAN

王政傑(Cheng-Chieh Wang)

指導教授 ： 黃錦堂

國立臺灣大學/社會科學院/政治學研究所/碩士(2006年)

https://doi.org/10.6342/NTU.2006.10123

摘要

西方民主國家之監察調查權皆隸屬於國會，並由委員會或監察使來行使調查權；我國採五權分立體制，依憲法第九十五（調查權之行使）及第九十六條（委員會之設置）規定監察院為行使監察權時，得向行政院及其各部會調閱其所發布之命令及各種有關文件，監察院得分設若干委員會，調查一切設施，注意其是否違法或失職；觀諸憲法中，僅監察此章節提及調查權及調查之字句。監察權係監察院經由收受人民陳情或監察委員自動調查等方式，對各公務機關及所屬人員進行調查作為，以瞭解事實真相，並依調查結果對有關違失機關之措施或人員予以糾正或糾彈，顯見該調查權是行使監察權之必要工具及手段，並利用調查結果來輔助糾正權或糾彈權之行使。
本研究主要是探討民國82年監察院改制及87年監察院監察調查處成立之後，監察院調查權在憲政或法規等制度面向上究竟有何問題？又監察院調查權的實際運作有何亟待檢討改善之處？研究者並藉由文獻分析、比較分析、深度訪談、參與觀察及個案分析等研究方法，針對研究目的指出監察調查權之隸屬、行使主體、調查案成立機制、調查過程、調查報告提出及審查、行政措施違失之追究、行政人員違失之追究、後續追蹤機制等面向之問題，與對國內學者之有關見解提出評論，並對所發現之問題研提漸進及可行之近期改革（不須修法或修憲）建議與長期改革（必須修法或修憲）建議，期能對監察院調查權之改革有所貢獻。

關鍵字

監察院 ； 調查權 ； 彈劾

並列摘要

In western democratic countries, the investigation power belongs to the rights of the Congress and is used by the committees or the ombudsmen. However, our country has adopted the five-power constitution outlined by Dr. Sun Yat-sen. And according to Article 95 and 96 of the Constitution, the Control Yuan may, in the exercise of its power of control, request the Executive Yuan and its Ministries and Commissions to submit the original orders issued by them and all the relevant documents, and set up a certain number of committees to investigate their activities with a view to ascertaining whether they are guilty of violation of law or neglect of duty. The phrase “investigation power” is mentioned only in the chapter of the Control Yuan, which, according to the Constitution and its Additional Articles, is the highest control organ of the state. Members of the Control Yuan may accept people's petitions or initiate an investigation voluntarily. The Control Yuan has the power, based on the results of the investigation, to censure or even impeach civil servants who commit crimes and/or to advise the government organizations negligent of duty. It is evident that the investigation power is a necessary tool and means to exercise the power of control.
This research is mainly about, after the variations of the Control Yuan’s structure made in 1993 and the establishment of the Department of Supervisory Investigation in 1998, what constitutional or legislative problems it may have when exercising the investigation power, and what improvement can be made of its operation. By adopting the archival analysis, comparison analysis, participant observation method, in-depth interviews method and case-study analysis, the researcher will try to analyze whether the investigation power belongs to the rights of the Control Yuan, the people exercising the investigation power, the mechanism of establishing a case, the process of the investigation, the presentation and the deliberation on an investigation report, the corrective actions taken against the government organizations negligent of duty, the disciplinary measures taken against the civil servants committing a crime or negligent of duty, and the mechanism of its follow-up. The researcher will also make comments on the viewpoints of other scholars, and, in hope of making contribution to the improvement of the investigation power, offer suggestions for solving the problems found in this research: the phased-in reforms that do not require the amendment of the laws or the constitution as well as the long-term reforms that require the amendment of the laws or the constitution.

並列關鍵字

the Control Yuan ； the investigation power ； impeachment

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