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  • 學位論文

台灣民眾對電磁場的風險感知

The Public Risk Perception of Electromagnetic Field in Taiwan

指導教授 : 林宜平
共同指導教授 : 鄭尊仁(Tsun-Jen Cheng)

摘要


本研究分為兩部分,第一部分比較台灣民眾對電磁場與其他環境健康風險的感知;第二部分則探討民眾對不同來源電磁場的風險、利益與信任感知。 兩部分研究都委託中央研究院調查訪問中心進行,分別於2007年與2008年進行電話抽樣調查,調查使用全國電話資料庫作為抽樣母體,採兩階段分層等距抽樣,抽出年滿十八歲以上中選的受訪對象,再由訪員撥號進行訪問。2007年的有效樣本1,251例,完訪率為17.8%,拒訪率為35.4%;2008年的有效樣本2,035例,完訪率為16.3%,拒訪率為38.2%。 本研究第一部分,「台灣民眾對電磁場與各種環境因子的健康風險感知」,問卷參考2006年的歐盟意見調查設計,內容包括不同來源的電磁場以及各種環境因子對身體健康的影響等;結果發現台灣民眾認為「食品安全」對身體健康的影響最大;其次則為生活周遭的化學物質、戶外空氣品質、飲用水水質、垃圾/廢棄物、高壓電線、居住環境、噪音、基地台、室內空氣品質、過度的日曬、手機以及電器用品。本研究透過群聚分析(cluster analysis)將樣本對不同環境因子的健康風險感知分出「高風險」、「電磁場」、「環境」與「低風險」四個群體,這四個群體在人口學特性以及自陳電磁波過敏比例上都有差異。 本研究第二部分,「台灣民眾對不同來源電磁場的風險、利益與信任感知」,問卷參考瑞士2002年的民眾風險感知研究設計,發現台灣民眾在基地台、高壓電線、變電箱、手機、微波爐及無線網路等六種電磁波來源中,對高壓電線感知的風險最高,其次則是基地台與變電箱;利益感知則以手機最高,其次是無線網路;至於對政府管制的信任程度,民眾最不信任政府對基地台的管制。本研究發現女性對電磁場的風險感知都較男性高,而年齡較大、教育程度較高,以及利益、信任和同意電磁場會致癌,都是決定台灣民眾對高壓電線和基地台風險感知的重要因子。

關鍵字

電磁場 環境因子 風險 利益 信任

並列摘要


This study has two parts: the first part is to compare the public perception of health risk from electromagnetic field (EMF) and various environmental factors in Taiwan and the second part is to investigate the public perception of risk, benefit and trust for various sources of electromagnetic fields. The telephone surveys were conducted by the Center for Survey Research, Academia Sinica in 2007 and 2008. The surveys used national telephone database and the two-stage stratified systematic sampling method. The respondents were aged eighteen years and above. In August 2007, we collected 1,251 effective samples; the response and the non-response rates were 17.8% and 35.4%, respectively. In 2008, we collected 2,035 effective samples; the response and the non-response rates were 16.3% and 38.2%, respectively. In the first part, we investigated the public perception of health risk from EMF and various environmental factors in references to the European Union opinion survey in 2006. Our respondents thought that ‘food safety’ has the greatest influence on health in Taiwan, followed by chemicals, outdoor air quality, drinking water quality, waste dumping, high-voltage power lines, housing conditions, noise, base station, indoor air quality, over-exposure to sun, mobile phone and household electrical equipments. Further, we used cluster analysis to distinct four groups of health risk perception, include “high risk”, “EMF”, “environmental” and “low risk” groups. Our study indicated that there were significant differences in demographic characters and self-reported EMF hypersensitivity in the EMF and environmental health risk clusters. In the second part, we investigated the public perception of risk, benefit and trust for various sources of electromagnetic fields in references to the EMF risk perception study in Swiss in 2002. According to our respondents’ assessments, high-voltage power lines were the most risky source of EMF, followed by base station and transformer, while mobile phone were the most benefit source of EMF, followed by wireless internet. The regulations of base station were the most distrusted. Further, our results reveal that female respondents reported higher risk perceptions than male respondents. Older age, higher education, benefits, trusts, and agree that ‘EMF may cause cancers’ were important factors in deciding the risk perception of high-voltage transmission lines and base station in Taiwan.

參考文獻


第二部分 台灣民眾對不同來源電磁場的風險、利益與信任感知
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被引用紀錄


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武文瑛(2015)。食安風暴政府治理之風險感知與溝通分析 -以黑心油品事件為例〔碩士論文,國立臺灣大學〕。華藝線上圖書館。https://doi.org/10.6342%2fNTU.2015.10154

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