前氧化處理對兩種亞硝基胺前質生成N-亞硝基二甲基胺之影響研究

Preoxidation of Two Nitrosamines Precursors and It’s Effects on N-Nitrosodimethylamine Formation in Water

羅仕麟(Shih-Lin Lo)

指導教授 ： 王根樹

國立臺灣大學/公共衛生學院/環境衛生研究所/碩士(2010年)

https://doi.org/10.6342/NTU.2010.01430

摘要

近年來藥物與保健食品(PPCPs)在環境中的殘留漸獲重視，原因在於這些物品隨著家庭與工業汙水排放後，所含有的化學物質在環境中不斷累積進而對環境生態與人體健康造成傷害。由於部分PPCPs為對生物具有毒性的致癌物質，是否影響水質安全更受重視。本研究探討在工業以及日常生活用品常用的原料3-dimethylaminopropyl methacrylamide (DMAPMA)以及醫院處方籤常用的抗高血壓藥diltiazem，觀察這兩種物質在經過水處理消毒過程產生的副產物。
本研究依據消毒劑之氧化特性選擇次氯酸、氯胺、臭氧與二氧化氯等四種消毒劑做為研究對象，比較這四種消毒劑的氧化能力以及評估其與前驅物反應生成二甲基胺、NDMA和其他消毒副產物的特性。
根據實驗結果，兩種前驅物與四種消毒劑個別反應確實會產生二甲基胺，並且前驅物濃度、消毒劑濃度與水體pH值均會影響二甲基胺生成的多寡。其中二氧化氯與臭氧對diltiazem的反應性較強，而次氯酸則對DMAPMA有較高的反應性；另外，由於氯胺的反應速率較和緩，兩種前驅物生成的二甲基胺濃度並沒有很大的差異。
氯胺氧化前驅物後，生成的 NDMA濃度比起其他三種消毒劑高；考慮前氧化因子，顯示前氧化的時間與DMA生成的濃度會影響NDMA的生成濃度。THMs與HAAs主要經由加氯消毒產生，但是在經由臭氧與二氧化氯做為前氧化劑時會減少其生成濃度。觀察其他nitrosamines的生成，顯示以加氯消毒所產生的其他nitrosamines物種最多。

關鍵字

diltiazem ； DMAPMA ； 二甲基胺 ； N-亞硝基二甲基胺 ； 二氧化氯 ； 次氯酸 ； 臭氧 ； 氯胺

並列摘要

Recently, many studies focused on the residuals of pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) in the water environment. PPCPs may harm the environment and public health when they are discharged into natural water with the domestic or industrial wastewater. In this study, two PPCP compounds were selected as representatives of the PPCPs and the precursors of disinfection byproducts (DBPs) in water treatment processes. The two PPCPs selected were 3-dimethylaminopropyl methacrylamide (DMAPMA) and diltiazem, where DMAPMA is used as stock for industrial and household products and diltiazem is widely used in medical prescription. Chlorine dioxide, hypochlorous acid, ozone, and monochloramine were used as the disinfectants in this study to compare their oxidizing abilities and to assess the dimethylamine (DMA), nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA) and other DBPs formation after contacted with the precursors.
The experimental result showed that DMA can be formed when the two precursors were treated with the disinfectants. Several factors include the concentrations of precursors, the doses of disinfectants and pH values in aqueous environment can influence the DMA formation. Besides, chlorine dioxide and ozone have higher reactivity to diltiazem, and hypochlorous acid has higher reactivity to DMAPMA. The mild oxidizing power of monochloramine produces no apparent difference on DMA formation for the two precursors.
Highest NDMA formation was obtained when chloramine was used as the disinfectant. The contact time of pre-oxidation and DMA formation during pre-oxidation can affect the final NDMA formation. Both THMs and HAAs can also be formed during chlorination, however, their concentration can be reduced when chlorine dioxide and ozone were used as the pre-oxidant. In addition, several other nitrosamines were formed when the precursors were treated with chlorine.

並列關鍵字

diltiazem ； DMAPMA ； DMA ； NDMA ； chlorine dioxide ； hypochlorous acid ； ozone ； monochloramine

參考文獻

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