工業廢水再生之溶解性有機質對超濾膜積垢之影響

水資源日漸缺乏，回收廢（污）水處理再利用將是未來勢必發展的趨勢，然而過去的文獻較多探討生活污水或單一事業廢水，對工業區聯合污水處理廠則討論較少，因此本研究以龜山工業區污水處理廠出流水為對象，利用超濾膜(ultrafiltration, UF)處理該污水處理廠之出流水，以微濾膜(microfiltration, MF)為前處理去除水中非溶解性物質，利用DAX-8樹脂將UF程序進流及產水水樣分離為親水性(hydrophilic)部分與疏水性(hydrophobic)部分，分析其總有機碳(total organic carbon, TOC)、碳水化合物及蛋白質，探討該污水處理廠出流水之親疏水性有機質對UF積垢之影響。薄膜操作條件為固定通量20 LMH，觀察薄膜透膜壓差(trans-membrane pressure, TMP)上升情形，並計算薄膜滲透係數(permeability)隨時間變化量，在80小時過濾期間，UF對TOC濃度去除量不隨時間改變，去除的濃度皆為0.8-1.1 mg/L，殘留至薄膜親水性TOC及疏水性TOC分別為39.14 mg及28.53 mg，推測親水性TOC造成薄膜積垢較疏水性TOC影響程度大。假設溶解性微生物產物(soluble microbial products, SMP)為碳水化合物及蛋白質所組成，在80小時過濾期間，碳水化合物濃度去除量與時間成正比，而蛋白質濃度去除量隨時間增加而減少，在親疏水性(hydrophobicity)部分，碳水化合物親水性與疏水性物質殘留至薄膜分別為12.16 mg及20.21 mg，以親水性物質積垢較嚴重；蛋白質親水性與疏水性物質殘留質薄膜分別為49.78 mg及38.87 mg，因此蛋白質也以親水性物質積垢較嚴重。比較碳水化合物及蛋白質對薄膜積垢之影響，於80小時過濾期間，SMP造成UF積垢影響主要為蛋白質，共累積了77.7 mg蛋白質質量於薄膜上；其次為碳水化合物，殘留24.9 mg碳水化合物於薄膜上，薄膜滲透係數由6.079 LMH/kPa*cp下降至1.513 LMH/kPa*cp，因此推測SMP主要造成UF積垢溶解性有機質為類蛋白質物質。

關鍵字

UF膜；親疏水性；溶解性微生物產物；積垢

並列摘要

As human population continues to increase, the demand and completion on limited water resources are expected to rise tremendously in the coming decades. Therefore, water recycling will be the future development in developing water purification technology to ensure the reliable quantities and qualities water for public use. Nonetheless, the water purification and reclamation projects basically are focusing on the reuse of domestic wastewater instead of industry wastewater reuse. Therefore, the objective of this study is using microfiltration (MF) as pretreatment to remove non-soluble matters in effluent of Guei-Shan industrial district wastewater treatment plant and followed by ultrafiltration (UF) to treat the MF effluent in order to meet the industry wastewater reuse water qualities and standards. DAX-8 resin was used to fractionate hydrophilic and hydrophobics of soluble organic compounds, i.e., soluble microbial products (SMP). Further, total organic carbon (TOC), component of carbohydrates and proteins and hydrophobicity of the SMP were conducted and investigated for organic removal and membrane fouling analysis. An average flux of 20 LMH was maintained about 80 h and the increasing of trans-membrane pressure (TMP) was monitored for UF performance evaluation, as membrane fouling resulted in an increase of TMP. During the 80 h membrane filtration, it was found that there is no relationship between the removals of TOC with the increasing of filtration time was observed, as that of the removal of TOC was maintained 0.8-1.1 mg/L throughout the filtration test. The finding also showed hydrophilic TOC (39.14 mg) were more rejected by UF than hydrophobic TOC (28.53 mg), and it could be hypothesized that the hydrophilic TOC is one of the major contributors on membrane fouling. SMP (consisting of carbohydrate and protein) contents were also analyzed in the 80 h membrane filtration. The results showed the concentration of SMP (carbohydrate) was consistently removed with the increasing of membrane filtration time. Rapid membrane fouling was attributed to rejection of protein and carbohydrate on the membrane. The hydrophobicity of carbohydrates and proteins performed different membrane fouling results. For example, hydrophilic and hydrophobic of carbohydrate rejected 12.16 mg and 20.21 mg, respectively on the membrane, while as protein rejected 49.78 mg and 38.87 mg, respectively. Therefore, the results of this study indicated that protein was the major component of SMP than carbohydrate, and hydrophilic of protein caused more severe permeate flux decline which led to a shorter membrane service periods.

並列關鍵字

UF membrane ； hydrophobicity ； SMP ； fouling

參考文獻

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國際替代計量

工業廢水再生之溶解性有機質對超濾膜積垢之影響

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