奈米摩擦發電機應用於海洋能收集

Blue Energy Harvesting by Using Triboelectric Nanogenerator

潘維邦(Wei-Pang Pan)

指導教授 ： 陳建甫

國立臺灣大學/工學院/應用力學研究所/碩士(2019年)

https://doi.org/10.6342/NTU201903766

摘要

本研究開發結合曲柄連桿結構的摩擦奈米發電機(triboelectric nanogenerator；TENG)並應用於海洋能收集。實驗中以鋁和鐵氟龍作為正負電極摩擦層分別貼附於滑塊以及滑軌，並結合連桿機構將水流造成的扇葉轉動轉換為週期性水平運動，使得與連桿連接的滑塊和滑軌產生相對運動，藉由材料的摩擦促使電荷轉移，以產生電能。本研究設計的奈米摩擦發電機為水平滑動式，在機構設計上相較於垂直分離式的奈米摩擦發電機更為容易。滑軌上的鐵氟龍設計為柵狀電極，可以使單次運動產生多次摩擦提高電流輸出，以改善奈米摩擦發電機高電壓低電流的特性。滑塊上加裝彈簧可以確保材料表面的緊密接觸，同時改善長時間運作造成材料磨損而降低輸出的問題。此外，相較於傳統收集海洋能的奈米摩擦發電機會有密封性的問題，本研究設計連桿機構使奈米摩擦發電機可以於水面上發電避免水的進入會影響兩材料表面的接觸造成輸出不穩。本研究對於機構在不同電極面積、柵狀電極對數、摩擦面之面數、摩擦頻率以及彈簧常數對於輸出的影響做了測試，並測量在上述所有參數最佳化情況下此機構的開路電壓、短路電流以及不同負載下的電壓電流。實驗結果證明本研究開發之奈米發電機能夠產生最大輸出為開路電壓40 V、短路電流5.3 µA，在連接6.7 MΩ電阻後可有7.3 mW/m2的能量密度，此輸出可以有效驅動市面販售的小型電子元件。期望此機構能藉由陣列或是放大尺寸等方式增加輸出後可以成為新的發電形式。

關鍵字

綠能 ； 奈米摩擦發電機 ； 海洋能 ； 柵狀電極 ； 能源收集

並列摘要

In this study, we develop a triboelectric nanogenerator combined with a crank-and-rod structure and applies it to blue energy harvesting. In the experiment, aluminum and polytetrafluoroethylene were used as the positive and negative electrode respectively attached to the slider and the slide rail, and combined with the link mechanism to convert the blade rotation caused by the water flow into a periodic motion, so that the slider connected with the connecting rod produce relative motion with the slide rails to generate electrical energy. In this study, we use the in-plane sliding mode triboelectric nanogenerator, which is easier to design than the vertical contact-separation mode triboelectric nanogenerator. The electrode on the slide rail uses a grid structure, which can make multiple frictions to increase the current output in a single motion to improve the high voltage and low current characteristics of the triboelectric nanogenerator. The addition of a spring on the slider ensures close contact of the material surface, which can improve the wear of the material caused by prolonged operation and reduce the output. Besides, compared with the traditional triboelectric nanogenerator that used to blue energy harvesting, there is a problem of sealing. In this study, the design of the linkage mechanism enables the triboelectric nanogenerator to generate electricity on the water surface to prevent water from affecting the contact of the surface of the material and causing output instability. In this study, the effects of different electrode areas, grid electrode pairs, number of friction surfaces, friction frequency, and spring constant on the output were tested. And measure the change in the output of the triboelectric nanogenerator under different loads in the optimized case. The experimental results show that the triboelectric nanogenerator can generate an open circuit voltage of 40 V, a short-circuit current of 5.3 μA, and a power density of 7.3 mW/m2. This output can effectively drive small electronic sold in the market. It is expected that this triboelectric nanogenerator can be a new form of power generation through array or size amplification.

並列關鍵字

renewable energy ； triboelectric nanogenerator ； blue energy ； grid electrode ； energy harvesting

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