生活史策略應用企鵝之保育

Life History Strategies in Penguin Conservation

翁嘉妤(Jia-Yu Ueng)

指導教授 ： 葉顯椏

共同指導教授 ： 倪怡訓(I-Hsun NI)

國立臺灣大學/理學院/海洋研究所/碩士(2009年)

https://doi.org/10.6342/NTU.2009.01331

摘要

世界上目前有六目十七種企鵝，企鵝同時也是廣佈於南半球的海鳥，分布區域大部分範圍在南緯四十五到南緯六十度。在此篇研究中利用企鵝七個重要的生活史參數可以解釋高達百分之九十二的生活史策略，七個生活史參數分別為成熟體長、成熟體重、孵蛋期、父母餵養期、繁殖季換羽期、緯度、和海水表面溫度。首先，單獨分析各變數、相關分析，再進入主成分分析，分析的結果可找出生活史策略的因子分別為：第一主要成分為父母餵養因子、第二主要成分為環境容忍力因子、第三主要成分為成熟因子。最後進行集群分析和判別分析，在父母餵養因子中可以分成三群，其判別分析可得到九十四％的判別顯著分別率，在環境容忍力因子中可以分成四群，判別分析可得到九十四％的判別顯著分別率，在成熟因子可以分成三群，判別分析可得到百分之百的判別顯著分別率。本研究結果得到三種不同的生活史策略模式，可針對不同企鵝種使用其獨特生活策略的差異來給予不同的管理模式，而處在相同或是鄰近區域的不同企鵝種也可用此來當作共同的保育政策管理參考，最後在飬養企鵝的應用上，提供了環境造設和關鍵控制生存因子，和成長的合理範圍值。

關鍵字

企鵝 ； 生活史策略保育管理潛水模式

並列摘要

Penguins have 6 genera with 17 species worldwide. They are distinctive groups of pelagic seabirds widely distributed in the cooler waters of the southern Hemisphere, mostly between 45°S and 60°S. Comparative studies among different life history of penguins would be very valuable to understand their strategies of ecological adaptation other than phylogenetic linkage. This study is designed to explore life history patterns in penguins based upon 7 life history traits (LHT) that are age at maturity (Am), weight at maturity (Wx), incubating period (Eip), parent breeding period (Pb), molting period (Mo), latitude (Lat) and sea surface temperature (Sst). All variables were analyzed individually, correlatively and collectively. By principle component analysis three reduce factors, which were parental investment, environmental tolerance and maturity, could explain 92.48% variation. By cluster analysis for each of the three factoring LHT, penguin species could be classified into three or four groups with 94-100% correct classification. These significant life history patterns in penguins from LHT may understand better on their ecological adaptation and therefore provide theoretical criteria for penguins’ management in making conservation policy

並列關鍵字

Penguin ； life history strategy ； pattern ； conservation ； management

參考文獻

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