太陽花學運後台灣新興政黨的形成與發展 －時代力量黨與社會民主黨的個案研究

The Formation and Development of Rising Parties in Taiwan after the Sunflower Student Movement: The Cases Studies on the New Power Party and Social Democratic Party

周佑政(Yu-Cheng Chou)

指導教授 ： 曾建元

共同指導教授 ： 邱榮舉

國立臺灣大學/社會科學院/國家發展研究所/碩士(2016年)

https://doi.org/10.6342/NTU201602760

摘要

本文選擇時代力量黨與社會民主黨作為主要研究對象，探討其形成背景、組黨過程、與太陽花學運之關係，及兩黨現有的組織架構及近、遠程的發展策略。另也探討此兩政黨對2016年立委選舉之選舉策略，再由選舉結果檢視此兩政黨初期發展策略的成效。
　　政黨的出現乃源自政治體系內的社會危機，當人民的權利意識開始提高，對政治事務的參與期望也相對提高，人民普遍參與需求或政府參與權的擴大，都可能影響政治權力的再組合。政黨的主要功能之一是「利益匯聚」，當政治體制內的主要政黨，無法反映或表匯社會內部某些聲音或利益，其自然會尋求或創造新政黨來代表或反映。
　　2012年起，國民黨執政下的台灣發生連串重大抗爭，如士林文林苑都更案、反媒體壟斷事件、大埔案、洪仲丘事件及2014年太陽花學運。台灣部分民眾認為，體制外的社會運動及體制內的政黨，已無法改革政治弊端，時代力量黨、社會民主黨等新興政黨於是誕生。
　　台灣現行立法委員選制有利於大黨，小黨候選人要勝選非常不容易。時代力量黨與社會民主黨對於2016立委選舉的選舉策略不同，時代力量黨採取「候選人中心」的選舉策略，社會民主黨則採取「議題中心」的選舉策略。而選舉結果，時代力量黨獲得五席，社會民主黨未取得席次，兩政黨的選舉策略迥異，亦造就選舉結果的成敗不同。

關鍵字

太陽花學運 ； 選舉制度 ； 選舉策略 ； 時代力量黨 ； 社會民主黨

並列摘要

The paper’s main research targets are the New Power Party and Social Democratic Party. It’ll probe the background of their establishment, process of party establishment and their relations to the Sunflower Student Movement, the two parties’ current organizational framework, and their plans for development in the short and long terms. It’ll also probe the two parties’ election plans for the 2016 Legislative Election and view the effects of the initial development plans based on the election results.
Political parties originate from the social crises within the political system. When people’s awareness of their rights start to rise, their willingness to participate in political matters also rise. When people’s needs to participate in public affairs or their right to government participation expands, it may affect the reconfiguration of governmental powers. The main function of political parties is interest aggregation. When the main political party within the governmental system cannot reflect or represent the voices or benefits of some within the society, they’ll naturally search or create new political parties to represent them or reflect their needs.
Starting in 2012, there were some major conflicts that happened under Kuomintang’s rule in Taiwan, such as: Wenlin Yuan Shilin District Urban Renewal Project, The Anti-Media Monopoly Movement, The Anti-Eviction Dapu Rally, The Death of Army Conscript Hung Chung-chiu, and the 2014 Sunflower Student Movement. Some people believe that the social movement outside of the system and the political party within the system can no longer reform the corruption within the government. Therefore, New Power Party, Social Democratic Party, and other new political parties were born.
The current electoral system for legislators benefit large parties, therefore candidates of small parties have great difficulties in winning elections. New Power Party and Social Democratic Party differed in their election strategies of the 2016 Legislative Election. New Power Party utilized the candidate-oriented strategy, while Social Democratic Party utilized issue-oriented strategy. In the end, New Power Party was able to win five seats, while the social democratic party won none. The different election strategies of the two parties resulted in different election results.

並列關鍵字

Sunflower Student Movement ； Electoral System ； Election Strategy ； New Power Party ； Social Democratic Party

參考文獻

蕭怡靖、黃紀，2010，〈單一選區兩票制下的一致與分裂投票—2008年立法委員選舉的探討〉，《台灣民主季刊》，7(3)：1-43。

馬起華，1992，《民權主義與民主憲政》，台北：正中。

陳宜中，2007，〈公民不服從與自由民主：倒扁紅潮下的一些省思〉，《思想》，4： 41-61。

曾建元、邱毓興，2013，〈台灣第七次修憲立法委員選舉制度改革的論爭〉，《中華行政學報》，13：123-136。

盛杏湲、黃士豪，2006，〈台灣民眾為甚麼討厭立法院？〉，《台灣民主季刊》，3(3)：85-128。