平面磨床超音波主軸模組之設計與開發

Design and Development of the Ultrasonic Spindle Module for Surface Grinding Machines

儲誠佳(Cheng-Chia Chu)

指導教授 ： 廖運炫

國立臺灣大學/工學院/機械工程學研究所/碩士(2017年)

https://doi.org/10.6342/NTU201703461

摘要

超音波振動輔助加工已由前人各項研究中證實對於磨削加工有顯著的效果，但至今未能將此技術應用於一般磨削機台上。本研究採用自行設計的主軸元件及金屬砂輪，搭配FEM模擬進行應力分析及最佳化，並改裝市面現有磨床，開發出「超音波主軸模組」，使超音波能呈現輻射狀直接傳遞至砂輪外部，而不須透過外加式振動裝置的輔助。在此設計下，砂輪外徑仍有180mm，不僅能維持高的線速度，且在任何角度下進行加工皆能使超音波振動垂直加工材料表面，使超音波達到最佳的效能，操作上也更為簡便。
　　實驗結果顯示，超音波主軸模組應用於磨削硬脆材料如鎢鋼，在切深40m以上仍有優異的效果，可降低平均磨削力，且減少砂輪磨耗達20%，同時大幅減少硬脆材料在脆性破壞機制下產生的表面缺陷，使表粗度明顯改善；對於延性材料如不鏽鋼的磨削，主軸超音波亦可減緩磨削過程中的砂輪填塞，延長修整週期達2.4倍，除了可維持穩定的加工品質外，亦大幅降低加工成本。
　　本文從設計、模擬到元件的實際製作組裝，將超音波技術與現今市面磨床機台加以整合，成功開發出實用且具商業價值的「超音波主軸模組」。此模組也能套用至相近尺寸之平面磨床機台，使超音波磨削不只是作為研究之用，在磨削的應用面是一大突破。

關鍵字

超音波主軸 ； 平面磨削 ； 不鏽鋼 ； 碳化鎢

並列摘要

It has been proven by past research that ultrasonic vibration is very effective to grinding process, but people have not applied the technique to surface grinding machines. In this research, we designed and developed the "ultrasonic spindle module" by doing FEM simulations and modifying a surface grinding machine on the market. The unique design let ultrasonics transmit from spindle to the outside of grinding wheels directly, without assisting of external devices. By this design, high grinding speed is feasible by using grinding wheels of 180mm diameter. In the grinding processing, direction of ultrasonic vibration can always be perpendicular to workpiece surface, the feature makes "ultrasonic spindle module" more effective and maneuverable.
The experiment result shows that the module which used on grinding process of brittle materials, like tungsten carbide, can be still effective when DOC>40m. The average grinding force reduced, wear reduced by 20%, surface roughness(Sa) reduced, and surface defects which made by brittle failures also reduced substantially. When the module used on grinding process of ductile materials, like SUS304, chip adhesion can be reduced substantially, and the dressing cycle of grinding wheels can be extended 2.4 times. It shows that the application of the "ultrasonic spindle module" can not only promote surface qualities, but also reduce processing costs.
This paper combined the techniques of ultrasonic vibration and grinding machines, integrated from design to production, and developed a functional "ultrasonic spindle module" successfully. This module is not just for research purposes, it can be apply to similar grinding machines, and the high application value also breaks new ground in the product design domain.

並列關鍵字

ultrasonic spindle ； surface grinding ； stainless steel ； tungsten carbide

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