開發布拉格光纖光柵感測器於多點與即時量測系統並應用在高速內藏式主軸與銑削工件之溫升、變形及轉速之精密量測

Development of Fiber Bragg Grating Sensors for the Multi-point and Real-time System to Measure the Temperature, Deformation and Speed of Built-in High-speed Spindle and Milled Workpiece

龔瑞清(Ruei-Cing Gong)

指導教授 ： 馬劍清

國立臺灣大學/工學院/機械工程學研究所/碩士(2017年)

https://doi.org/10.6342/NTU201703546

摘要

布拉格光纖光柵（Fiber Bragg Grating, FBG）量測系統其優勢在能夠同時對溫度、變形以及振動等物理量進行量測，且全部資訊皆包含在一條光纖所量測的訊號之中，準確度以及精密度皆相當高，並且相當穩定。光纖光柵是以光訊號進行傳輸，不會受到環境的電磁訊號所干擾，同時也有耐腐蝕與抗高熱的能力。此外，光纖相當適合進行結構內部的量測，若搭配光耦合器或多光柵光纖還可以進行多點的即時量測，在工業的應用上極具優勢以及潛力。本文開發光纖光柵感測器於實際工業界相關問題的量測，針對高速內藏式主軸以及銑削工件的溫升、應變、振動量、轉速以及切削與顫振頻率等問題進行量測。獲得這些量測資訊後才可能針對工具機的熱變形進行補償，或針對工件在加工所產生的變形進行加工路徑的調整，以達到精密加工的要求。本文亦透過軟體的撰寫，可即時呈現量測的結果，進而實現智慧機械及工業4.0的目標。
光纖光柵波長飄移的量測結果可取代一般常用的應變規量測應變，取代熱電偶（或熱像儀）量測溫度，取代雷射位移計量測位移，亦可取代加速規量測振動量與振動頻率。本文首先將光纖與應變規同時針對試片拉伸作量測，証實有一致的結果，接著以即時量測系統針對鋁材圓柱進行溫升與熱應變的量測，得到熱膨脹係數。進而針對高速內藏式主軸的溫升、變形、轉速以及振動量進行量測，先以雙光纖法量測主軸局部的溫升與熱應變，得到精確的光纖溫升係數後，再以單光纖法進行量測。接著以多光柵光纖配合本文所開發的光纖即時量測系統針對主軸整體進行溫升、熱應變、熱伸長與振動量全域量測，並與實驗室自行開發的數位影像相關法即時量測技術相互驗證。最後將光纖黏貼於銑床主軸和銑削工件進行溫升、熱變形、力變形、切削及顫振頻率的量測與分析，以達到即時監測及定量量測工具機運轉時主軸與銑削工件的加工歷程之溫升與變形，並針對工具機在銑削時產生的顫振現象作深入的分析與探討，將可大幅提升加工製程上的精度要求。

關鍵字

布拉格光纖光柵 ； 感測器 ； 應變 ； 溫度 ； 變形 ； 熱膨脹係數 ； 工具機 ； 高速內藏式主軸 ； 銑削 ； 顫振

並列摘要

Fiber Bragg grating (FBG) has been developed rapidly as a research field of sensors. The advantage is that the FBG can simultaneously measure the temperature, deformation, vibration and other physical quantities, and all information is included in the signal measured by a slender FBG with excellent accuracy, precision and stability. Because FBG central wavelength signal is transmitted as an optical signal, the signal will not be affected by the environmental electrical signal. Due to the ability to resist corrosion and high temperature, the measuring capacity is still very good in the harsh environment. Besides, because the thin geometries characteristics of FBG, it is quite suitable for internal measurement and it also can measure multiple points in the same time with wavelength division multiplexer. FBG sensors measuring systems were developed in our laboratory and this thesis will use these techniques to measure the temperature, deformation, vibration, rotating speed, cutting frequency and flutter frequency of built-in high-speed spindle and milling workpiece.
Before measuring the high-speed spindle and milling workpiece, the resonant wavelength drift to strain and rising-temperature coefficient are discussed firstly, and use real-time system to measure aluminum cylinder temperature, thermal strain, and the coefficient of linear thermal expansion. Then measure the temperature, deformation, rotating speed and vibration of the high-speed built-in spindle. Firstly use two FBG to measure the rising temperature and strain of spindle to get the accurate fiber temperature rise coefficient, and then use just one single fiber for measurement. Then, the thermal expansion and vibration of the spindle are measured by the multi-grating fiber and the optical fiber real-time measurement system, and data is verified by the digital image correlation（DIC）developed by the laboratory. Finally, FBG is attached to the milling machine spindle and the milling workpiece for rising temperature, thermal deformation, force deformation, cutting and chatter frequency measurement and analysis, in order to achieve the monitoring and quantitative measurement for machine tool spindle and milling workpiece. All these problems measurement will be able to significantly improve the manufacturing process for the accuracy processing requirements, and will analyze and discuss the flutter phenomenon caused by milling machine.

並列關鍵字

Fiber Bragg Grating ； sensor ； strain ； temperature ； deformation ； linear thermal expansion ； machine tool ； built-in high-speed spindle ； milling ； flutter

參考文獻

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