臺灣獼猴血液學、血液生化學及心臟生理特性之研究

摘要臺灣獼猴是臺灣本地唯一特有種的非人類靈長類動物，有關臺灣獼猴的研究，在解剖學、行為科學、生態學及傳染病學上，已經有許多報告，但對於臺灣獼猴本身的心血管生理學的研究，則付之闕如。有關其他種非人類靈長類動物的心血管生理學方面的研究，如心電圖學、放射線學及心臟超音波學等，也都有研究報告，但有關臺灣獼猴的這方面生理功\\\能則仍尚未被研究發表。此次研究主要針對飼養於台北市立動物園的三十八隻臨床上無任何異常的臺灣獼猴，進行相關的心電圖、胸腔放射線學以及心臟超音波學等研究。這些臺灣獼猴的平均體重為10kg，體重範圍由4kg至22.6kg；動物年紀由2歲至16歲，平均年紀為6.9歲。在心電圖方面，有關臺灣獼猴心電圖的各項波形測量（心跳速率、P wave、PR interval、QRS complex、QT interval、ST segment以及MEA）都在此次研究被建立，包括心跳速率其平均值為126±20 beats/minute，P wave 時間為42±7.8 msec，PR interval 時間為97±12 msec，QRS complexes 時間為43±6.7 msec以及QT interval 時間為 296±41.4 msec。如同其他非人類靈長類動物一般，臺灣獼猴的心臟節律為竇性節律。在比較性別、年紀及體重對心電圖的各項波形測量是否有產生差異性方面，結果無出現明顯差異性。在以PR interval 與QT interval 的時間與心跳速率倒數進行線性回歸分析中，PR interval 與QT interval 會隨著心律快慢而隨之變化；且由於R2值的不同，心跳速率的變化並無法充分解釋PR interval 時間的變化，但心跳速率的變化可充分解釋QT interval 時間的變化。在胸腔放射線檢查方面，本研究之目的在評估臨床正常臺灣獼猴於胸腔X光片中心臟的大小，以提供一快速、方便的方法於臨床上評估心臟大小。利用胸腔X光片計算心胸比的數值，其平均值為52.8±4.4 %。在評估不同性別與年紀是否會對心胸比造成明顯差異方面，發現並無明顯差異性存在。利用胸腔X光片計算心臟體積與體重、體表面積是否具有明顯的線性關係，發現確實與體重及體表面積確實具有差異性的線性關係存在（P<0.001）。在心臟超音波方面，有關心臟結構的相關測量數據，發現包括LVLed、IVSed、LVed、LVPWed、IVSes、LVes、LVPWes、LVOTd及MVed等，都與體重及體表面積呈現相關性，並且具有高的R2數值。另外在計算左心室功能的收縮率方面，發現其平均值為36.8±7.19 %。有關主動脈、肺動脈以及二尖瓣血液流入速率等測量，其血流速率平均值分別為1.34±0.406、1.01±0.145 和 0.89±0.144 m/sec。有關左心室腔室的測量，無論是左心室質量（LVM）、左心室收縮腔室（LVsv）、左心室舒張腔室（LVdv）、心臟排出容積（stroke volume）以及心輸出量（cardiac output）都與體重及體表面積呈現明顯的線性及對數線性關係。但由於具有不同的R2數值，體重與體表面積的變化並無法充分解釋LVsv、stroke volume以及cardiac output的變化，而體重與體表面積的變化則可充分解釋LVM及LVdv的變化。

關鍵字

心電圖；胸腔放射線；心臟超音波；臺灣獼猴；非人類靈長類動物

並列摘要

Abstract The Formosan macaque (Macaca cyclopis) is a threatened species, endemic to Taiwan. The studies of Macaca cyclopis in the anatomy, behavior, ecology and infectious disease were abundant, but the available literature in the cardiovascular physiology is limited. The data of cardiovascular physiology including electrocardiogram, radiogram and echocardiogram for other nonhuman primates were reported, but not yet for Formosan macaques. Total thirty-eight clinically normal Formosan macaques (20 females, 18 males) undergoing routine annual health examinations performed electrocardiographic, radiographic and echocardiographic examinations at the Taipei City Zoo. They weighted between 4 and 22.6 kg with an average weight of 10 kg. The mean age of animals was 6.9±4.1 years old with range of 2 to 16 years. In electrocardiogram, the results of parameters (heart rate, P wave, PR interval, QRS complex, QT interval, ST segment and MEA) were established in this study. The values of parameters of ECGs presented as heart rate with a mean 126±20 beats/minute, P wave duration with a mean 42±7.8 msec, PR interval with a mean 97±12 msec, QRS complex duration with a mean 43±6.7 msec and QT 296±41.4 msec. Like other nonhuman primates, the rhythm of Formosan macaques was sinus rhythm. Significant differences between males and females, juveniles (<7 years old) and adults (≧7 years old), lighter body weight (≦10kg) and heavier body weight (>10kg) were not found for ECG parameters. The PR and QT interval varied with the heart rate as in our study’s PR=(1/HR), QT=(1/HR) linear regression models. Owing to different values of R2 in linear regression models, the change of the heart rate could poorly explain the change of PR interval, but highly explain the change of QT interval. In radiogram, the aim of this study was to evaluate the cardiac size in clinically normal Formosan macaques with radiographic examinations and provide a quick, convenient tool to examine the cardiac size clinically. The values of cardiothoracic ratio of radiograms presented with a mean 52.8±4.4 %. Comparison of cardiothoracic ratio between female (52.0±4.14 %) and male (53.8±4.68 %), juvenile (<7 years old) (51.2±3.96 %) and adult (≧7 years old) (54.2±4.40 %) did not present significant differences. The linear regression models between cardiac volume and body weight, cardiac volume and body surface area showed significant influences (p<0.001). In echocardiogram, the parameters of cardiac anatomy including LVLed, IVSed, LVed, LVPWed, IVSes, LVes, LVPWes, LVOTd, and MVed showed a significant levels (p<0.0001) and high R2 values in linear and log-linear regression models with body weight and body surface area. The shortening fraction of left ventricle function presented with a mean 36.8±7.19 %. The velocity of Aorta, pulmonary artery and mitral valve inflow showed a mean 1.34±0.406, 1.01±0.145 and 0.89±0.144 m/sec, respectively. The calculation of left ventricle volume including left ventricle mass, left ventricle systolic volume, left ventricle diastolic volume, stroke volume and cardiac output presented a significant levels (p<0.05) with body weight and body surface area in linear and log-linear regression models with body weight and body surface area. Owing to different values of R2 in linear and log-linear regression models, the change of body weight and body surface area could poorly explain the change of left ventricle systolic volume, stroke volume and cardiac output, but highly explain the change of left ventricle mass and left ventricle diastolic volume.

並列關鍵字

electrocardiography ； chest radiography ； echocardiography ； Formosan macaques ； nonhuman primates

參考文獻

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臺灣獼猴血液學、血液生化學及心臟生理特性之研究

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