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  • 學位論文

質子交換膜燃料電池陽極觸媒活性機制研究

The activity mechanism of anode catalysts on PEMFC

指導教授 : 李源弘
共同指導教授 : 吳玉祥
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摘要


過去十年來由於製程的突破與新材料的研發,使得燃料電池的性能有重大突破。燃料電池可以說是最乾淨的綠色能源之ㄧ,在其電能轉換過程中所排出的廢棄物是水,並沒有其他會造成環境污染產物。現今質子交換膜燃料電池為最主要開發的燃料電池之ㄧ,其發展重點著重在觸媒活性提升與交換膜的傳導度改善。從眾多的研究指出,現在最適合用在質子交換膜燃料電池的觸媒是鉑,因其具有較高的抗酸強度,並且在強酸溶液中具有很好的活性。但是鉑與一氧化碳鍵結強度較強,所以極容易附著在鉑表面產生遮蔽效應,本研究在探討藉由添加其他的奈米金屬觸媒來改善觸媒整體的穩定性。 Nafion®主要傳遞氫離子的方式,是反覆利用親水端的磺酸根水解跟吸附,而達到傳遞氫離子的效果。本實驗室先前的研究顯示,使用30%DPG人工石墨+70%Vulcan XC-72R將有效提升觸媒整體活性,因自製人工石墨粉中含有少量奈米碳管,可利用奈米碳管及立體結構石墨,使得金屬觸媒顆粒達到分散效果和電化學效能的改進。另外使用釕、錫和鈀與鉑合成二元跟三元奈米金屬觸媒,希望能夠利用其能有有效轉換水分子的氫氧根與一氧化碳鍵結產生二氧化碳與水,進而降低觸媒被毒化的現象。藉由循環伏安法分析的結果顯示,添加適當的釕、錫和鈀金屬觸媒能有效提高電化學活性與增加觸媒穩定性。

並列摘要


Rapid progress has been made in the development of proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) technology over the past ten years. Proton exchange membrane fuel cell is a clean energy. After hydrogen oxidation and oxygen reduction, the final product is water. However, in order to achieve widespread commercial application of PEMFC in stationary and transportation markets, continued development is required. Within the fuel cell stack, key development areas are increase activity of catalyst and improve transition of membrane electrode assemblies (MEAs).in present reports, Platinum is the most popularly catalyst in PEMFC. Platinum is used due to its stability and because it enhances the hydrogen (H2) oxidation and oxygen (O2) reduction in an acid medium. The poor performance of pure platinum for methanol oxidation results from the strong adsorption pure platinum shown by CO on the metal. In order to overcome the blocking effect of CO on platinum, platinum has been alloyed with other metals. Nafion® utilizes repeatedly hydrolysis and adsorption of SO3H to transmit the H proton. In past work, we had known when 30% the DPG with 70% Vulcan XC-72R powders could increase activity of catalyst, because the DPG containing few CNT (carbon nanotubes) and three dimension structure graphite could make the catalyst disperse well and the promotion of the electrochemical performance. In this work, we adding Ruthenium, Tin and palladium mixed with platinum to be bi- or tri-metallic Pt-M (Ru, Sn and Pd) catalyst. Use Pt–M adsorbed OH on the M sites facilitates oxidative removal of CO residues on platinum. In the result, we can promotion electrochemical activity and enhance stability of catalyst by cyclic voltammetry method.

並列關鍵字

PEMFC Nafion&reg activity CNT metallic catalyst

參考文獻


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