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  • 學位論文

以植物矽酸體分析和陶器壓痕翻模法探討卑南遺址的植物遺留

Discussion of Plant Remains in the Peinan Site Based on Phytolith Analysis and Plant Impression Replica Method on Pottery

指導教授 : 陳有貝
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摘要


卑南遺址是臺灣東部新石器時代卑南文化的一個代表性遺址,歷年來經過多次發掘而累積不少考古資料,然而卻未曾發現植物遺留,致使卑南遺址的農業研究顯得困難。 因此本研究嘗試運用植物矽酸體分析及陶器壓痕翻模法兩種科學分析方法試圖尋找卑南遺址的植物遺留線索,瞭解卑南遺址曾經存在哪些植物、植物遺留的時間與空間分布以及史前人類的植物利用情形。本次植物矽酸體分析是從陶質標本及土壤樣本中擷取植物矽酸體並進行辨識與分析,陶器壓痕翻模法則是藉由陶片內外壁所殘留的植物壓痕進行翻模與比對。 根據分析結果顯示,在繩紋陶文化及三和文化中沒有發現任何扇形矽酸體,在卑南文化的陶質標本中則有竹亞科、蜀黍族和稻屬矽酸體。自卑南文化初期,稻米就與史前人類的生活息息相關,一直延續到卑南文化消失後才逐漸不見。另外,茅芒草的數量一向最多,是常見的野外雜草,竹亞科矽酸體從卑南文化早期至近代都曾出現,表示卑南遺址的史前環境應有部分區域偏向溫暖潮濕。 在卑南文化時期,聚落範圍內外呈現出兩種截然不同的情景。在聚落外,生長著卑南文化人賴以維生的稻米,耕作方式可能屬於旱稻種植,在稻田間可見茅芒草植物,在部分區域也有蘆葦及薏苡等濕生植物,說明了可能存在小池塘或湖泊地形。聚落內,人們將稻米連稈帶葉的帶回聚落大量集中存放,用意可能是將稻稈與草稈作為一種建築材料使用。 卑南遺址的稻屬矽酸體經形態分析推測為栽培稻,並藉由稻米亞種分析判斷是屬於秈稻類型。最後,筆者彙整臺灣各地遺址出土的稻米類型,提出未來可以運用科學分析方法重新檢視既有資料,以增加資料的可信度。

並列摘要


The Peinan Site is the representative site of the Peinan Culture in the Neolithic Age in eastern Taiwan. It has been excavated many times over the years, and there is much archaeological data. However, researchers never discovered any plant remains. For this reason, it is difficult to research agriculture at the site. Therefore, this study tries to apply two methods of scientific analysis, phytolith analysis and plant impression replica method on pottery, in order to find clues of plant remains in the Peinan Site, to know what kinds of plants existed, what was their distribution in time and space, and how prehistoric people used plants. The phytolith analysis is based on ceramic and soil samples, and the plant impression replica method is from plant impressions in the inside or outside of the pottery. According to the results of the analysis, there are not any fan-shaped phytoliths in the Cord-mark Pottery Culture and the Sanho Culture, and there are phytoliths of Bambusoideae, Andropogoneae and Oryza in the Peinan Culture. Rice was part of prehistoric peoples’ life from the early period of the Peinan Culture, and it disappeared after the end of the Peinan Culture. In addition, cogongrass and awn were always plentiful, and the most common seen outdoors. Bambusoideae phytoliths appeared from the early period of the Peinan Culture to modern times, and that means the Peinan Site was warm and wet in the prehistoric environment. In the period of the Peinan Culture, there were two findings between the inside and outside of settlement. The rice which the prehistoric Peinan people depended on grew on the outside. They possibly farmed by upland rice cultivation. There were cogongrass and awn along the field. Some areas had reeds and job’s tears, and this illustrates that there may have existed a pond or lake. In the settlement, people took rice with its stalks and leaves back to store. They may have intended to use them as structure materials. Through shape analysis, the Oryza phytoliths in the Peinan Site are cultivated rice, and they may belong to O. sativa Indica by rice subspecies analysis. Finally, I have collected data of rice types in archaeological sites in Taiwan, and I propose that we can reexamine the data by applying the scientific analysis method in the future to increase the level of confidence.

參考文獻


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