水下爆炸複合材料船殼之爆震分析

複合材料結構具有高拉伸強度、耐腐蝕與重量輕的優勢，但對於剪切與壓擠強度欠佳。近年來複合材料結構耐火與抗剪缺點改善，使得複合材料在艦艇結構應用空間大為提升。因此，複合材料艦艇船殼的水下爆震反應分析為重要議題。過去針對水下爆震反應，多使用實驗取得資料，不僅耗時，且所需成本較高。本文使用有限元素法探討複合材料船殼的水下爆震反應分析。先與文獻之嵌板實驗結果比較ALE、USA及LOAD_SSA三種方法計算水下爆炸施加於結構之衝擊負荷之可靠性，再討論複合材料嵌板使用三種方法之比較。結果顯示，在使用LS-DYNA中ALE在流場採用完整FE模型，USA不需考慮流場FE模型而以船殼浸水面之流固耦合介面處理，兩種分析結果相近，LOAD_SSA模組分析結果雖偏大，但在未達破裂前分析結果與其他兩種方法趨勢尚為一致，可做定性分析使用。但如預估會造成複合材料積層損壞，則不建議使用LOAD_SSA模組分析，建議改用USA方法分析較為經濟且準確可靠。最後進行複合材料船殼分析，分別比較相同炸藥量、相同距離、不同入射角；相同炸藥量、相同KSF、不同入射角以及不同船型之比較，結果顯示，在相同距離下，最大衝擊加速度隨著爆炸角度增加而變小；在相同KSF下，舷緣與甲板中心之最大加速度與爆炸距離影響較少；在不同船型下，船底中點加速度最大值與加速度歷時圖頗為接近。

關鍵字

水下爆炸；有限元素法；複合材料結構；爆震因子；爆炸角度；爆震反應

並列摘要

The composite material structure has the advantage of high tensile strength, anti-corrosion and light weight, but has poor shear and compression strength. In recent years, the properties of composite materials, such as fire and shear resistance, have been improved, the potential of application on commercial and naval vessel are promoted substantially. Consequently, the issue of shock response of composite hull of navy vessels subjected to underwater explosion (UNDEX) becomes more and more important. In the past decade, most of the research work of UNDEX acquired by experiments, and this way is very expensive and time consuming. In this paper the Finite Element (FE) was applied to investigate the dynamic responses of the composite materials ship hull subjected to UNDEX. First of all, the comparison study by shock load on structure by estimation of three methods were curried out, which are the Arbitrary Lagrange Euler (ALE) with 3D FE model for water domain, USA and Subsea Structural Analysis (LOAD_SSA) method. Further, the impact responses of composite plate panel with aforementioned three different methods were examined. In the result, ALE method needs whole FE model for fluid domain, USA method requires a fluid-structure interface of wetted surface, the analysis results of these two methods agree very well, On the other hand, the impact responses by LOAD_SSA method are about 25% large, but the overall trend is still consensus with the other two if the fracture of structure component does not appear. It need only very small computer time compared with the other two methods and can be used for qualitative study for underwater explosion (UNDEX). For the damage analysis of composite materials, the USA is proposed. Last but not least, the dynamic responses of a composite materials ship hull subjected to UNDEX were investigated. Several comparison studies were conducted, first, the same amount of charge, same detonation distance but different angle of incidence. And then, the conditions with the same amount of charge, same keel shock factor (KSF), different angle of incidence and different types of ships were performed. As the result revealed, the maximum impact acceleration is increasing as the angle of explosion increases under the same distance. The maximum acceleration of gunwale and the deck center is less relevant with the distance of explosion with the same KSF. And the maximum acceleration of the bottom center of ships is quite familiar with the acceleration–time chart under different types of ships.

並列關鍵字

under water explosions ； FEM ； composite structures ； keel shock factor ； detonation angle ； impact response

參考文獻

郭岳甫，2013，複合材料積層板船殼之爆震反應分析，臺灣大學工程科學及海洋工程學研究所碩士論文

鍾承憲，2003，GFRP船底板破壞行為之探討，中國造船暨輪機工程學刊第二十二卷第二期

林邦俊，2009，水下爆炸對結構之爆震反應，臺灣大學工程科學及海洋工程學研究所博士論文

Ali, M. N. N and Masoud , T. , 2009, Analytical Solutions For Bending Analysis Of Rectangular Laminated Plates With Arbitrary Lamination And Boundary Conditions, J. Mechanical Science And Technology, 23 (2009) 2253~2267

Chang, F.K. and Chang, K.Y., 1987, A progressive damage model for laminated composites containing stress concentrations. Journal of Composite Materials 21.9 (1987): 834-855.

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水下爆炸複合材料船殼之爆震分析

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