- 學位論文
阿茲罕默症長者之睡眠腦波新特徵
A New Marker of Alzheimer’s Disease for the Elderly Based on Sleep EEG
摘要
本研究主要利用長者的整晚睡眠腦波訊號發展一個用來判斷是否患有阿茲罕默症的新指標。實驗是由18位超過75歲的長者所組成，其中阿茲罕默症長者有4位，剩下的14位為正常的長者。睡眠腦波是由四個不同位置的腦波頻道量測，分別為C3-A2、C4-A1、O1-A2和O2-A1。 首先將腦波利用移動窗傅立葉轉換根據不同頻帶轉換成δ、θ、α、σ和β等五條平均強度時間序列，並且根據睡眠階段報告取出睡眠狀態的頻帶平均強度時間序列。接著將時間序列正規化以及計算頻帶平均強度時間序列間的相似性，這裡的相似性主要是利用兩時間序列間的歐氏距離來定義。然而，兩個完全相似的時間序列在其中一條序列經過垂直位移到最接近時候其歐氏距離會為零，因此我們將平均強度較低的時間序列透過位移到與另一條時間序列的平均強度相等時來求其歐氏距離。最後為了讓每組序列間的歐氏距離可互相比較，我們利用兩條時間序列的長度來正規化序列間的歐氏距離，這正規化後的歐氏距離 為本研究中用來判斷是否患有阿茲罕默症的指標。 結果發現在C3頻道中δ & α、δ & β、θ & α、α & σ和O1頻道中θ & σ、α & σ、α & β還有C4頻道α & σ以及O2頻道中α & σ，這些序列組合的 值，阿茲罕默症長者比起正常長者皆有顯著性的增加(p<0.01)，另外在O1和O2頻道δ頻帶平均強度時間序列間的 值，阿茲罕默症長者比起正常長者皆有顯著性的減少(p<0.01)，以上這些組合的 值大部分也與MMSE分數有高度的相關性。此結果顯示這些 值似乎可以反映出神經生理與認知的退化，因此或許能當作判斷阿茲罕默症的指標。 與先前研究比較起來，本研究方法不但在計算上直接而且容易，同時只需利用單一頻道量測。基於以上特色，對於未來在臨床或是居家醫療設備的應用上會有很好的延伸性。
並列摘要
The objective of this study is to develop a new marker of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) for the elderly using sleep EEG signals. An experiment was conducted on 18 subjects over 75 years old. Four of them were AD patients, and the remaining subjects were normal. The all-night sleep EEG signals were recorded from electrodes C3-A2, C4-A1, O1-A2 and O2-A1. The signals were firstly transformed into the δ, θ, α, σ and β band average magnitude time series using the moving window Fourier transform. The band average magnitude time series in sleeping status was extracted based on the report of sleeping stages. Then, the time series were normalized and the similarity between each pair of band average magnitude time series was calculated. The measure of similarity may be defined as the Euclidean distance between two time series. However, two perfectly similar time series may nonzero Euclidean distances if one of the time series undergoes a vertical shift. Hence, the time series with low average magnitude was shifted so that its average magnitude equaled that of the other time series. To make the similarity comparable, the Euclidean distances is further normalized by the lengths of the time series. The normalized Euclidean distance, denoted Sd, is studied in this research for its possible application in the diagnosis of Alzheimer’s disease. We discover that the Sd values of the series combinations δ and α, δ and β, θ and α, α and σ in C3 channel, θ and σ, α and σ, α and β in O1 channel, α and σ in C4 channel, and α and σ in O2 channel are conspicuously larger among AD patients than normals (p < 0.01). Moreover, the series combinations δ and δ between O1 and O2 channels is conspicuously smaller among AD patients than normals (p < 0.01). Most of the Sd values in the previous mentioned are highly correlated with MMSE scores. This indicates that Sd seems to reflect neuropsychology and cognitive performance, thus Sd may be used as a the marker for diagnosis of Alzheimer’s disease. Compared to previous research, the similarity index Sd is more direct and easily calculated. Moreover, only one channel measurement is sufficient for the purpose of diagnosis. With such advantages, the proposed method seems to provide great flexibility and potential in future applications.
參考文獻
延伸閱讀
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