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  • 學位論文

陽明山國家公園磺嘴山步道品質與土壤沖蝕研究

Trail conditions and soil erosion on Mt. Huangzuei trail of Yangmingshan National Park

指導教授 : 李建堂

摘要


步道系統是提供遊客欣賞自然與遊憩的主要空間,然而步道因遊客踐踏或其他破壞行為,常產生不同形式的衝擊,包含:樹根裸露、岩石裸露、路面凹陷、路面泥濘、步道加寬、步道分生及步道土壤沖蝕等,而這些衝擊的類型與程度主要受到環境與使用者因子的影響。 本研究主要利用步道普查技術進行陽明山國家公園磺嘴山步道現況品質調查,檢視步道各衝擊問題發生比例,並探討各衝擊項目、狀態項目與環境項目之間的關係。此外,在土壤沖蝕調查方面,採用步道最大凹陷深度測量法 (MIP法與MIC法) 以及步道截面積法,進行步道的土壤沖蝕調查,並分析步道坡度與植群類型等環境因子與步道土壤沖蝕之間的關係。 研究結果顯示,磺嘴山步道的衝擊項目以岩石裸露、路面泥濘與樹根裸露發生次數最多;衝擊長度累積加總,則以岩石裸露、路面泥濘與凹陷過深最長;而路面逕流衝擊最為輕微。 在衝擊項目與坡度分析方面存在相關性,代表坡度越陡,步道衝擊越嚴重,而衝擊項目主要也發生在平均坡度最陡的闊葉林型路段。此外,衝擊項目與步道寬度和凹陷深度呈現正相關性,表示衝擊項目的發生也會伴隨步道寬度和深度的增加。而步道凹陷深度與步道坡度為正相關,代表步道坡度越陡,步道土壤沖蝕情況越嚴重、凹陷深度也越深。 衝擊項目間的分析結果,樹根裸露與岩石裸露、凹陷過深三者之間具有相關性,顯示步道遭受較嚴重的土壤沖蝕。而容易發生在坡度平緩之路面泥濘衝擊則分別與發生在坡度較陡之樹根裸露、岩石裸露、凹陷過深、步道分生等衝擊項目間呈現負相關的結果。 在土壤沖蝕測量調查分析結果顯示,藉由MIP法與MIC法測量得到的最大凹陷深度以及步道截面積之測量值與步道坡度之間存在相關性,代表步道坡度越陡,平均最大凹陷深度越大,截面積越大,亦即土壤沖蝕的機會越大、程度越嚴重。然而,當步道坡度等級超過IV即坡度大於16°以上時,土壤沖蝕測量值相對降低,表示坡度超過一定臨界值後,土壤沖蝕隨坡度的增加反而減緩。在不同植群類型方面,闊葉林和針闊葉混合林的最大凹陷深度與步道截面積則明顯大於灌木草原型與草原型兩者。 根據本研究之調查結果顯示,步道各衝擊項目容易伴隨發生,且與坡度存在相關性,即坡度越陡、步道遭受衝擊的情況將越嚴重。此外,坡度亦為影響步道土壤沖蝕的重要因子,且當坡度到達臨界值時,土壤沖蝕將出現隨坡度增加而減緩的趨勢。

並列摘要


The recreational use of outdoor areas has increased dramatically in recent decades. Trail systems are a primary recreation resource facility of the wildland and provide visitors outdoor recreation opportunities. However, increasing recreational use has led to resource impacts. There are different types of impacts on trails caused by trampling or other destructive behavior. Major forms of trail impacts include root exposure, tread incision, wet muddy tread, tread widening, trail proliferation, and soil erosion. Soil erosion includes incision, soil loss and gully erosion. Erosion is the most serious and has the longest lasting impact on trails. This study used a trail census survey method to investigate trail condition on Mt. Huangzuei trail of Yangmingshan National Park and then analyzed the relationship between the characteristics of different impacts. Soil erosion was surveyed by using the MIP method (Maximum Incision: Post-construction), MIC method (Maximum Incision: Current Tread, MIC) and Trail Transects. The relationship between soil erosion, trail slope and vegetation types were analyzed based on the correlation analysis. The results revealed that rock exposure, wet muddy tread and excessive incision were the most common impact problems encountered and running water on trail had the least impact in this study area. Also, rock exposure, root exposure and excessive incision were significantly correlated with each other. Tread widening was significantly correlated with wet muddy tread and trail proliferation. Wet muddy tread was negatively correlated with root exposure, rock exposure, excessive incision and trail proliferation. In addition, the occurrences of impacts were correlated with trail width, trail depth, trail slope and vegetation types. Trail depth was positively correlated with trail slope. Furthermore, the maximum incision depth measured by using MIP method and MIC method and the trail transect areas measured by using Trail Transects method were positively correlated with trail slope. The MIP, MIC and trail transect areas were found increase with trail slope. Therefore, the results indicated that trail slope is the essential and critical factor that influenced soil erosion. However, the amount of soil loss reached to a maximum as slope reached to degree IV (23%-29%) and a decrease in soil loss was found when slope was greater than degree IV, as the critical slope of 29%. Therefore, the amount of soil loss decreased after reached to a critical slpoe.

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