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  • 學位論文

遊民使用社會福利服務之經驗與轉變:以大臺北地區為例

The homeless experience of using social welfare services and their changes: A case study of Taipei area

指導教授 : 林萬億

摘要


在社會建構體制下,遊民普遍給予社會大眾負面的刻板印象,再加上政府單位的漠視使得遊民問題被邊緣化。然而遊民議題演變至今已非僅僅是貧窮問題而已,現已擴大到成為一個社會現象甚至是遭遇到社會排除。對此世界各國紛紛提出相關遊民輔導策略,依據臺灣的經驗來看,大臺北地區的遊民社會福利服務體系較其他縣市完善值得深入探究,而遊民是動態且複雜的群體,其成因多重,難以用單一視角來看待,就此本研究採用質性研究中的半結構式訪談法,主要探討遊民使用社會福利服務的經驗以及轉變。以6位曾經流浪者的生命故事出發,脈絡化地呈現個人進入街頭、流浪於街頭的生活樣貌,以及使用社會福利服務的經驗和影響,延伸到脫離街頭生活的歷程。經分析討論後發現,每一位受訪對象皆是獨特且充滿異質性的,但從他們的經驗軌跡中仍可以發現一些相類似之處,根據研究發現與分析獲得以下結論: 一、遊民進入街頭生活歷程呈現向下螺旋的態樣 (一)「貧窮」與「缺乏支持網絡」是遊民進入街頭生活的主因。 (二)個人進入街頭流浪生活並非一蹴可幾,而是反覆進出的循環歷程,若未能取得平衡則易成為長期性遊民。 (三)參與「勞動市場的不穩定性」使遊民難以脫離街頭生活。 二、社會福利服務有助於協助遊民脫離街頭生活 (一)非自願型遊民較自願型遊民容易離開街頭生活。 (二)「基本生活照顧」以及「臨時工作機會」是維繫遊民街頭生活所必須。 (三)「居住服務」與「就業輔導」相互搭配是遊民脫離街頭生活所必需。 (四)遊民相關社會福利服務缺乏積極性、整合性及連續性。 三、回歸社區生活是遊民最終的目標 (一)「個人改變的動機與意願」、「流浪時間長短」、「收入穩定性」、「獨立住居所的有無」、「與工作人員關係」等五項是影響遊民能否脫離街頭生活的關鍵。 (二)追蹤關懷、支持網絡的建立促使遊民持續生活在社區。 (三)脫離街頭生活後遊民的生活適應能力提升。

並列摘要


Under social constructivism, the negative stereotype of homeless and the ignored attitude of government make the homeless issue on the edge. However, the homeless issue is enlarged to be a social phenomenon or even to be social exclusion at present, and it is not just simply the problem about poverty. In order to deal with the intricate issue, governments around the world successively bring up solutions of homeless consultation. In Taiwan, in comparison of the social welfare services, Taipei area is better than other counties, thus it is used as the studied population in the thesis. In addition, the thesis is based on qualitative research due to the complex and dynamic characteristic of the homeless. Also, semistructured interview is adopted as the main technique. The purpose of the thesis is to investigate the homeless experience of using social welfare services and the follow-up changes. Six used-to-be-wanderer participants are interviewed in the study. The study chronologically exhibits each participant’s story of life wandering in the streets, the experience of using social welfare services, the changes of using social welfare services, and finally how to depart from drifted life. The result indicates that each interviewee is unique and diverse but some similarities could be generalized. The conclusions of analysis and discussion are listed below: 1.The wandering life of the homeless presents the downward spiral of survival. (1) Poverty and the lack of social support network are the main factors cause the situation. (2) The wandering life is a circulative course and it will not occur in a sudden. A one will possibly be chronically homeless if he/she cannot balance the life. (3) The instable labor market makes the homeless get stuck in wandering. 2.Social welfare services facilitate the homeless get rid of the drifted life. (1) In comparison of intentionally homeless, unintentionally homeless could leave the street life easier. (2) Fundamental daily care and temporary employment are essential for the homeless to maintain their life. (3) Residence service and career consultation are significant for the homeless (4) It is indicated that the social welfare services is not active, integrated, and seamless. 3.The ultimate objective is to assist the homeless in retuning to the community life (1) Motivations of self change, duration of wandering, income stability, independent resident, relationship of consulter are the key factors for the homeless to depart from wandering. (2) Sustained consultation, established support network facilitate the homeless live in the community continually. (3) It is showed that the ability of adapting life grow when the homeless return to normal life.

參考文獻


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黃士軒(2015)。影視作品的情緒療癒效用研究──以臺北市之男性街友為例〔碩士論文,國立臺灣大學〕。華藝線上圖書館。https://doi.org/10.6342/NTU.2015.00756
古登儒(2014)。更生遊民復歸社會的歷程:返家路迢遙〔碩士論文,國立臺灣大學〕。華藝線上圖書館。https://doi.org/10.6342/NTU.2014.02279

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