論銀行併購之行政程序及審查 -以政治力干預之控制為中心-

A Study on the Administrative Procedure and Review Regarding Bank Mergers and Acquisitions - Focusing on the Control of political intervention-

賴秉詳(Ping-Hsaing Lai)

指導教授 ： 林明昕

國立臺灣大學/法律學院/法律學研究所/碩士(2015年)

https://doi.org/10.6342/NTU.2015.01737

摘要

銀行併購向來是金融市場重要議題。惟我國行政程序法制卻對此著墨甚少，此為本文之研究動機。在我國銀行併購法制中，依目前法制分屬於金融監督管理委員會、公平交易委員會管轄，具體法規範則是金融機構合併法、銀行法、公平交易法等法令。本文首先透過我法規範爬梳，並且釐清現行法規範制度面之運作，次就法規範實際運作缺失提出解決方案。經本文觀察，現行銀行併購法規範之缺失除管轄權限不清、曖昧外，本文認為最為關鍵的地方在於政治力干預，透過實務經驗，本文認為政治力干預源自於法規範之曖昧以及權限分配不清。為了回應法規範之缺失，本文藉由美國、日本法制之介紹，作為本文論述之基礎。借鏡於日本與美國法制，本文認為應增列審查要素如系統性風險、公股銀行特殊性，作為補足現行法規範審查要素之不足，以及區辨銀行併購之主體，適用不同程序以及審查標準，諸如在證明度以及附款等內涵，作為我國對於銀行併購法制未來立法方向。最末，期盼本文能夠拋磚引玉，帶來更多討論。

關鍵字

銀行併購 ； 金融監督管理委員會 ； 公平交易委員會 ； 金融機構合併法 ； 公平交易法 ； 政治力干預 ； 審查標準

並列摘要

Bank merges have been an import issue in financial market. Nonetheless, there is less description in the Administrative Procedure Rule of R.O.C.. In our country, Bank merge is under the jurisdiction of the Financial Supervisory Commission and the Fair Trade Commission, respectively. The detailed specifications of Bank Merge Act are The Financial Institutions Merger Act, Bank Act, Fair Trade Act, and so on. This thesis first organizes the law and regulation of our country, as well as clarifies the operation of the legal system. Subsequently, it proposes solutions to defects of the law system in practice. This thesis points out that defects of the current Bank Merge Act includes unclear authority of the jurisdiction. Moreover, it’s claimed in this thesis that the intervention of political power is crucial. Through practical experience, this thesis also states that the intervention of political power originates from the unclearness of laws and the distribution of authority. For the purpose of responding to the defects of the law, this thesis bases on the introduction of the U.S. and Japan legal system. By means of taking the U.S. and Japan legal system as examples, this thesis claims it’s necessary to increase the scrutiny of key elements such as systematic risks, particularity of state-owned banks, in order to amend the deficiency of scrutinized elements of the current law. Furthermore, the thesis proposes to differentiate the main part of bank merges, with different procedure and level of scrutiny applied. For example, the Standard of Proof and additional articles, and et cetera. These will be the goals for future improvement of the current Bank Merge Act in our country. Finally, it’s expected that this thesis will serve as a modest spur to induce others to come forward with valuable contributions.

並列關鍵字

Bank Mergers and Acquisitions ； the Financial Supervisory Commission ； the Fair Trade Commission ； the Financial Institutions Merger Act ； level of scrutiny ； political intervention

參考文獻

10. 葉淑莉（2012），《我國金融控股公司之經營綜效及金融跨業經營之相關法律問題之研究》，中原大學財經法律學系學位碩士論文。

15. 顏雅倫（2012），《臺灣金融產業的競爭政策—以競爭法的觀點出發》，國立臺灣大學法律學院法律學研究所博士論文。

4. 吳芸臻（2011），《台灣金融監理制度變革之政治經濟分析，1949-2011》，國立臺灣大學社會科學院政治學系碩士論文。

1. 王志群（2011），《股權結構對銀行績效之影響》，國立台灣大學社會科學院經濟學研究所碩士論文。

16. 黃昭元（2004），〈憲法權利限制的司法審查標準：美國類型化多元標準模式的比較分析〉，《台大法學論叢》，33卷3期。