應用跨理論模式於工作場所員工運動介入措施之成效探討-以某公司為例

The Effects of Exercise Intervention Based on The Transtheoretical Model for Employees in A Worksite

王蕙雯(Huai-Wen Wang)

指導教授 ： 張媚

國立臺灣大學/醫學院/護理學研究所/碩士(2004年)

https://doi.org/10.6342/NTU.2004.00946

摘要

本研究之主要目的在探討應用跨理論模式於工作場所員工運動介入措施對實驗組研究對象之自覺運動利益、自覺運動障礙、運動自我效能、運動改變階段與實際運動行為的成效。採用『準實驗設計』，實驗組、對照組前後測方式進行。實驗處置是應用跨理論模式所設計之運動介入措施，包括衛教手冊與一個月後的電話追蹤；而對照組只接受一般運動建議之衛教單張。在台北市某公司中，以立意取樣選擇其中工作性質與員工背景資料相當，且分屬兩棟不同辦公大樓、彼此無業務往來的兩個單位的員工為研究群體。以自填式問卷調查處於「意圖期」與「準備期」運動階段的員工為研究對象。並以隨機抽籤方式決定一單位的研究對象為實驗組，共有43人；另一單位的研究對象為對照組，共有62人。研究工具之結構式問卷包括運動改變階段、自覺運動利益、自覺運動障礙、運動自我效能、實際運動行為與基本資料。將所得資料以描述性統計、t檢定、卡方檢定、配對t檢定、魏氏帶符號等級檢定及共變數分析進行統計分析，主要研究結果發現：
一、運動介入措施能有效增加實驗組員工之運動自我效能、運動改變階段與運動行為量。
二、本研究所設計之運動介入措施，在運動改變階段與運動社會心理因素方面之成效並沒有優於一般的運動建議，但是，運動行為總得分則是明顯優於對照組。
最後，根據研究結果，提出以下幾點建議：
一、 由研究結果得知，應用跨理論論模式所設計之運動介入措施，
確實可以有效提升員工之運動改變階段與運動行為。因此針對
同屬於年輕、未婚、高教育程度之辦公室人員，職場護理人員
可以利用此衛教資料，分發給屬於「意圖期」或「準備期」的
員工，並定期的追蹤督促。
二、 對於原本就具有較高程度之自覺運動利益的員工，其衛教的重點可以以克服運動障礙與提升自我效能為主，例如教導一些克服障礙與增進運動自我效能的技巧，職場衛生護理人員可以給予員工適時的提醒與諮詢。
三、 自覺運動障礙中的「工作太累」、「工作繁重」等較難透過衛教介入的方式來降低其障礙程度。因此，除了教育宣導策略外，更需要公司擬定相關的政策來支持並提倡員工運動習慣的養成，增加員工主動參與規律運動的行為。例如評估員工工作量及協助員工改善工作效率，還有編列相關運動預算、推行辦公室健身操、於職場中提供運動場所與器材，或是定期舉辦員工運動競賽，藉此增加員工運動的機會，也陳鉥謅皉]為工作關係所帶來的運動障礙。
四、未來可以在各個不同性質的職場或特定的工作族群進行類似的
研究，增加研究樣本數與延長研究的時間，繼續驗證跨理論模
式之實用性。

關鍵字

跨理論模式 ； 運動行為 ； 運動改變階段 ； 自覺運動利益 ； 自覺運動障礙 ； 運動自我效能 ； 工作場所

並列摘要

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of exercise intervention on improvement of perceived exercise benefit, perceived exercise barrier, exercise self-efficacy, exercise stage of change, and exercise behavior. A quasi-experimental design was utilized and purposive sampling was conducted at a company in Taipei. There were two comparable departments which selecting contemplation and preparation employees for study subjects, randomly assigned into an experimental or a control group. The experimental group, which consisted of 43 subjects, participated in a program of exercise intervention. The intervention program was based on transtheoretical model to develop self-help manuals within different exercise stages of change, and one reminder telephone call occurred at 1 month. The control group, which consisted of 62 subjects, received general exercise suggestion. All subjects completed a structured questionnaire, including perceived exercise benefit, perceived exercise barrier, exercise self-efficacy, exercise stage of change, exercise behavior, and basic information, pre-test and post-test. Statistical analysis included descriptive statistics, t-test, Chi-square test, paired t-test, Wilcoxon Signed Ranks test, analysis of covariance.
After exercise intervention, the results in the study of follow-up test showed that:
1. The exercise intervention based on the transtheoretical model can significantly improve exercise self-efficacy, exercise stage of change and amount of weekly exercise for subjects.
2. At the 8-week follow-up, the control group did not differ significantly from the experimental group for perceived exercise benefit, perceived exercise barrier, exercise self-efficacy, and exercise stage of change. But amount of weekly exercise in experimental group had significantly higher than those in the control group of follow-up test.
Recommendation:
1. From the result, we knew that exercise intervention can improve exercise stage of change and exercise behavior for employees. Occupational health nurses can use those manuals for contemplation and preparation employees to improve the regular exercise behavior.
2. For employees with high level of perceived exercise benefit, Occupational health nurses can focus on decrease exercise barrier and enhance exercise self-efficacy through applying the techniques of those manuals.
3. Among perceived exercise barrier, 「work too tired」 and 「work over load」were hardly decreased by exercise intervention. Besides education programs, it is needed policy to support improving exercise behavior in worksite, such as assessing work loading of employees and advancing working efficiency, budgeting for exercise, pushing office exercise, offering exercise place and appliance in worksite, holding exercise competitions etc.
4. We also recommended that further studies extended the experience to different workplaces or other working groups. There is also a strong need to add study samples and prolong study period for proving the validity and utility of the transtheoretical model.

並列關鍵字

worksite ； exercise stage of change ； transtheoretical model ； perceived exercise benefit ； exercise self-efficacy ； percived exercise barrier

參考文獻

Laforge, R. G., Rossi, J. S., Prochaska, J. O., Velicer, W. F., Levesque, D. A., & McHorney, C. A. (1999). Stage of regular exercise and health-related quality of life. Preventive Medicine, 28(4), 349-360.

張彩秀 (民84)。不同運動行為的中老年人主觀健康狀況之研究。弘光醫專學報，25，1-19。

蔡美月 （民86）。台北市某活動中心六十歲以上老人運動行為及其影響因素之研究。衛生教育論文集刊，10，206。

高毓秀、黃奕清 (民89)。成年人運動行為影響因素之徑路分析。護理研究，8(4)，435-445。

黃婉茹 （民92）。應用跨理論模式於職場女性運動行為之研究-以行政院及其所屬主管機關女性公務人員為例。國立台灣師範大學衛生教育研究所碩士論文，未出版，台北市。