超音波振動輔助對磨削切屑黏附之影響

Effects of Ultrasonic Vibration on Chip Adhesion in Grinding Process

蕭凱駿(Kai-Chun Hsiao)

指導教授 ： 廖運炫

國立臺灣大學/工學院/機械工程學研究所/碩士(2013年)

https://doi.org/10.6342/NTU.2013.02218

摘要

目前業界中不銹鋼材料的使用範圍廣泛，因其材料特性為延展性材料，在磨削加工中屬於難磨削材料，磨削常會遇到黏屑的問題，導致加工效率與品質下降。故本研究的目標為解決磨削加工黏屑問題，以提升加工品質為目的。
本研究嘗試尋求較有效且經濟實惠的方式來探討，在設備較便宜，且又能有效率的解決上述問題，本研究利用超音波的空化特性，設計製造出有效的超音波振動子，架設於現有的設備上進行磨削。本文對120號與800號砂輪進行乾磨削、濕磨削、超音波濕磨削磨削，並比較分析砂輪表面黏屑、磨削力及工件表面粗糙度之關係。
實驗結果顯示，超音波濕磨削，由於超音波於液體的空化特性能有效的去除砂輪表面黏屑，砂輪表面的黏屑量和磨削力低於乾磨削和濕磨削。而工件的表面粗糙度，由砂輪表面黏屑狀況而決定，號數高的砂輪孔隙較小，切屑黏附於切刃上，表面粗糙度隨著磨削次數增加而變差，精磨削的表面粗糙度改善21%。在粗磨削修整週期，超音波濕磨削粗比濕磨削增加切深量0.25 mm。所以超音波濕磨削可以增加磨削加工時砂輪的修整週期，提高加工效率，並獲得較平整的表面。

關鍵字

超音波 ； 空化作用 ； 不銹鋼材料

並列摘要

Currently, the application of stainless steel is widely used in the industry. However, stainless steel is a hard grinding material because of its ductile properties. When grinding stainless steel material, the loading problem causes the decline of both efficiency and quality of processing. This research is to solve the loading problem and to improve the quality of processing.
The research attempts to seek a more effective and economic method to solve the loading problems. Under the consideration of the cost and efficiency, the vibrating system is installed on the pre-existed equipment as a relatively inexpensive solution. This research uses the ultrasonic cavitation characteristics to design and manufacture an effective ultrasonic vibrating system. The article will discuss the effect of dry grinding, wet grinding, ultrasonic wet grinding with fine and coarse grinding wheel and analyze the relationship between surface loading of grinding wheel, roughness of workpiece surface and grinding force.
Experimental results show that the cavitation characteristics of ultrasonic wet grinding will effectively remove the loading of grinding wheel. The surface loading of grinding wheel and grinding force is less than dry grinding and wet grinding. The surface roughness of the workpiece will be determined by the surface loading of grinding wheel condition. Fine grinding wheel surface has smaller porosity which leads to the adhesion of chips on the cutting edge. The surface roughness of workpiece becomes worse with the grinding times increased. The surface roughness of fine grinding improves 21%. In the dressing period of coarse grinding, the ultrasonic wet grinding increases the cutting depth of 0.25 mm than the wet grinding.
In conclusion, rough ultrasonic wet grinding increases the dressing period of grinding wheel and fine grinding wheel obtains more smooth surface. Both rough and fine grindings show more efficiency during the processing.

並列關鍵字

ultrasonic ； cavitation ； stainless steel

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