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  • 學位論文

薩德的犯罪共和國

The Criminal Republic of Sade

指導教授 : 陳妙芬

摘要


薩德(Donatien Alphonse François de Sade),十八世紀法國的情色文學家,其著名的小說《閨房裡的哲學》中,出現一部驚人的政治手冊〈法國人,再加點油,如果你們想成為共和國國民〉。這部手冊之所以有重要意義,在於它點出了大革命背後所蘊含的歷史與政治脈絡。 本文試圖將薩德及其著作,納入啟蒙政治思想的脈絡之中,來挖掘薩德究竟以怎樣的手法顛覆、嘲諷他的同代人,尤其是社會契約論者,進而開展其獨特的政治藍圖-一個立基於罪惡的犯罪共和國。而犯罪共和國的達成,則仰賴對宗教、國家法律、社會的堅絕否定。 順著薩德寫作的曲徑,第二章檢討薩德對無神論、反對神權政治的主張,並以大革命期間對宗教的看法,試圖為薩德的宗教-政治觀拼湊一個較完整的圖像。第三章則以薩德小說中描述的一個忽視一切規範,僅以快感享用為依歸的社群為本,檢討其背後的基本問題:性別平等、社會契約、專制。薩德書寫下破除社會契約的無政府狀態,必定與個人性專制,或稱為情欲專制,呈現齊頭並進的情形。第四章則續探討無政府-情欲專制結構之根本原因:薩德建立在衝突的人性論。透過與盧梭的相互對照,薩德思想的特異性與矛盾性昭然若揭。第五章則為結論。

並列摘要


Donatien Alphonse François de Sade , a pornographer in 18 century France, in his famous novel “La Philosophie dans le boudoir ’’, existed an astonishing pamphlet ‘Français, encore un effort si vous voulez être républicains’. Points out the historical and political context of French Revolution, this pamphlet shows its significances. The thesis would like to bring Sade and his works into the Enlightenment political theory, to consider how Sade subverts and mocks his contemporaries, especially the social contract theorists, to develop his own political plan , a criminal republic basis in vice. The establishing of the criminal republic relying on the absolute negation of religion 、state-law and society. Following the ways of Sadean writings , Chapter 2 examines Sade’s viewpoints for atheism and anti-theocracy, trying to sketch Sadean religion-politic more clearer, by referring to the religious idea of French Revolution. Chapter 3 shows that just behind the rule-ignorant, pleasure-dominated community, lies some fundamental problematiques : sexual equality, social contract, despotism. An anarchy of the transgression of social contract, must accompanies the private despotism, or so called passionate despotism. Chapter 4 continues to investigate the reason of anarchy- passionate despotism structure : Sadean idea of human which basis in conflict. By a comparison to Rousseau, Sadean thought shows its distinctiveness and paradox. Chapter 5 is the conclusion.

參考文獻


———. 2014. “薩德侯爵之反象徵主義-數字與細節之執迷.” 中外文學 43 (2): 181–207.
———. 2005b. “薩德侯爵的情色理論.” 中外文學 34 (2): 113–32.
———. 2008. “薩德侯爵之慾望機器:情色與制度.” 中外文學 37 (2): 9–39.
———. 2005a. “薩德侯爵的神學觀:「惡魔化」 的上帝與 「情色」 書寫.” 中外文學 33 (10).
陳秀鳳. 2005. “政權「神聖化」?-以法蘭克國王祝聖典禮為中心的探討.” 新史學 16 (4): 57–98.

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