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  • 學位論文

細胞晶片應用於偵測人類自然殺手細胞毒殺癌細胞之研究

A Study on Cell-based Biosensor for Cytotoxic Assay of Human Natural Killer Cells against Cancer Cells

指導教授 : 黃榮山

摘要


根據世界衛生組織(World Health Organization,WHO)設立之國際癌症研究所(International Agency for Research on Cancer,IARC)在2008年的統計,中國大陸每10萬人就有5人患有血癌,臺灣方面平均每年約有1000名新診的病患,根據民國98年行政院衛生署統計血癌於前十大癌症排名男性為第九位, 女性為第十位,發生率有逐年增加的跡象。各項的統計數據都說明血癌對人類的健康有很大的危害。血癌發生的原因是由於人體內的白血球產生病變,造成病變的白血球在體內大量增生,影響正常白血球及其他血液細胞的功能。 目前骨髓移植治療血癌已經廣泛應用在臨床治療上,為了避免移植後細胞和病患體內的細胞產生排斥,移植前捐贈者以及病患需要先經過人類白血球抗原(Human Leukocyte Antigen,HLA)的配對,配對成功後才能進行移植,但是其配對成功的機率並不高,為了改善治療白血病所面臨的問題,近年有團隊進行臨床驗證使用自然殺手細胞(NK cell)做為治療,研究指出即使沒有經過完整HLA配對,移植入病患體也不會產生移植物對抗宿主疾病(Graft versus Host Disease,GvHD),同時也有顯著的治療效果,但不同捐贈者的自然殺手細胞特性及毒殺能力都不相同,醫師如何在廣大的捐贈者中為病患挑選最合適之細胞,目前仍處於黑箱中充滿未知,因此如何有效的檢測自然殺手細胞的毒殺能力,降低復發機率,將會是未來進行移植治療的重要依據。 本研究成功建立一個異質細胞配對檢測晶片系統,可應用於臨床白血病患者移植健康捐贈者細胞之挑選,利用微機電製程技術開發專屬於細胞反應觀察之晶片,晶片中可捕捉特定細胞數目與異質細胞比例,整合微流體操控技術達成細胞混合與細胞染色之功能,並結合高解析度光學系統與即時影像觀察系統,即時觀測細胞狀態。在本實驗中,藉由流場的測試,計算出微流道內細胞捕捉在微結構旁所受的力為101 pN,並得到適當的流率導入細胞樣本,接著偵測自然殺手細胞隨時間毒殺癌細胞的變化,找出測量細胞毒殺率的適當時間點為毒殺後2小時,藉由此結果,在效能細胞對目標細胞比例(Effector to target ratio, E/T ratio)為2時測量NK92細胞對癌細胞 K562的毒殺率平均為44%,此結果與傳統流式細胞儀結果一致。同樣E/T ratio為2的情形下, 5、20與 三種不同K562目標細胞數在晶片中的實驗比較,當細胞數過少的情況下會造成毒殺率測量的誤差,實驗結果顯示細胞數在 與 下仍有相同毒殺率,並證明NK細胞毒殺率可以在細胞數量稀少的情況下測得。為了更貼近實際應用,在本研究中測試三位不同捐贈者的NK細胞,結果指出個體上NK細胞的確有不同毒殺能力,藉由本研究開發的晶片系統可成功挑選出較佳的NK細胞。 相較於傳統實驗需要較多細胞量才能測試,本研究以微晶片開發少量(一百顆)細胞即可進行量測的實驗系統,透過即時影像紀錄毒殺過程可應用於了解臨床異質細胞互動之特性與生醫基礎研究,能幫助探討更多自然殺手細胞的基礎特性。

並列摘要


Natural killer (NK) cell transplantation therapy has the potential to be an effective treatment for some cancers. A growing number of clinical trial investigations indicate that this therapeutic approach may provide a promising new treatment for leukemia. However, the alloreactivity of NK cells from different healthy donors has shown various recovery response levels. Little is still known about the cytotoxicity of NK cells in the context of cancer treatment or the interaction between donor NK cells and recipient cancer cells. The primary method used to measure NK cell cytotoxicity is flow cytometry, a large and often costly system that requires millions of NK cells for each assay. Patients are often faced with situations that require immediate action, and it can be difficult to find a donor to provide so many NK cells on such short notice. As a result, no appropriate assessment strategy has been developed for selection of multiple healthy donors prior to NK cell transplantation. This study describes a novel cell-based biosensor for use with heterogeneous cell suspensions for cell docking, culturing, and cell–cell contact and interaction by microfluidic manipulation. Using this biosensor, we investigated cell activity and cytotoxicity through a real-time monitoring microscope system. The results demonstrate the feasibility of using the cell-based biosensor for cytotoxicity of NK cells against cancer cells, and show its potential applications in immune cell transplantation therapy.

並列關鍵字

NK cell leukemia cytotoxicity MEMS biochip

參考文獻


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