培養條件對靈芝菌絲多醣與其(1, 3；1, 6)-β-D-聚葡萄醣生成量及性質之影響

Yields and Properties of Polysaccharides and (1, 3；1, 6) -β-D-Glucans Extracted from Ganoderma lucidum Mycelium Cultivated at Different Conditions

李儀儂(Yi-Nung Lee)

指導教授 ： 呂廷璋

國立臺灣大學/生物資源暨農學院/食品科技研究所/碩士(2004年)

https://doi.org/10.6342/NTU.2004.10186

摘要

靈芝多醣具有免疫調節的活性。具有β-(1, 6)葡萄糖基分支的(1, 3)-β-D-聚葡萄醣已被證實是靈芝子實體熱水萃出物中，含量最多的活性的多醣。本論文探討培養基及環境條件因子在靈芝菌絲體液態培養中，對菌絲生體含量、多醣及(1, 3；1, 6)-β-D-聚葡萄醣分子生成量的影響，並對此β-D-聚葡萄醣的分支度與分子量性質作深入探討。
以靈芝子實體及商業量產靈芝發酵產物作為對照，每克乾重之多醣萃取率分別為1.92 %及2.51 %, apparent (1, 3)-β-D-聚葡萄醣萃取率則為0.49 %及0.13 %，(1, 3；1, 6)-β-D-聚葡萄醣佔多醣中的比率在19.7 及 2.1 %；以靜置菌絲體液態培養方式的5種培養基配方經21天培養之樣品，其碳/氮比分布在16 ~ 142，隨培養基碳/氮比越高，菌絲體量由0.35 g/dL降至0.17 g/dL，多醣分布在23 ~139 mg/dL，(1, 3；1, 6)-β-D-聚葡萄醣佔多醣中的比率在34.5 ~ 9.9 %；使用實驗型小發酵槽（5L）進行菌絲體液態培養，可增加菌絲體及多醣的產量，但β-D-聚葡萄醣含量與商業量產靈芝發酵產物相近；實驗型小發酵槽含黑豆作為發酵基質的樣品，大幅提高菌絲體及多醣含量，但β-D-聚葡萄醣含量卻十分少；所有樣品其(1, 3；1, 6)-β-D-聚葡萄醣分支度範圍在0.20 ~ 0.46之間。利用膠體層析過濾檢測多醣及β-D-聚葡萄醣的分子量分佈變化，發現其在不同環境條件下有顯著不同。此結果顯示，培養方式不只影響生長速度，也會影響多醣的分子組成及特徵。

關鍵字

培養條件 ； 靈芝 ； β-D-聚葡萄醣 ； 多醣

並列摘要

The immuno-modulating activity of Ganoderma lucidum is an attribute of its polysaccharides. The (1, 3)-β-D-glucans with (1, 6)-β-D- glucosyl branches have been proved to be the most abundant active polysaccharides in a hot-water extract of its fruiting bodies. The objectives of this study were to elucidate the effects of cultivating media and conditions on mycelium growth, yields of polysaccharide and the (1, 3；1, 6)-β-D-glucans and the effects on degree of branching and molecular weight distribution of the β-D-glucans. A fruiting body and a commercial mycelium culture samples were selected as references. The hot-water extraction yields of polysaccharide were 1.92 and 2.51 %, and the yields of the apparent β-D-glucans were 0.49 and 0.13 % for the fruiting body and the commercial mycelium culture sample, respectively. Among five static culture samples using different media with carbon/ nitrogen ratio (C/N) ranged in 16 ~ 142, the contents of mycelium decreased from 0.35 to 0.17 g/dL as C/N increased but the polysaccharide contents increased from 23 to 139 mg/dL in a 21-day cultivation. The concentrations of the β-D-glucans in these polysaccharide samples were in the range of 34.5 ~ 9.9%, comparing to the values of fruiting body and commercial mycelium culture reference as 19.7 and 2.1%, respectively. The using of a five-liter fermentator significantly increased the mycelium growth rate and the yield of polysaccharide but decreased the production of the β-D-glucans with content similar to the commercial mycelium culture sample. The presence of 6 % of black soybean in the medium (as a high nitrogen medium) boosted the growth of the mycelium and caused a medium polysaccharide production and almost suppressed the production of the β-D-glucans. The degree of branching of the (1, 3；1, 6)-β-D-glucans in these samples were in the range of 0.2 to 0.46. Gel-filtration chromatography revealed the molecular weight variations of polysaccharides and β-D-glucans. Both the molecular-weight distribution of polysaccharides and the β-D-glucans was significantly altered by the cultivating conditions. The results of this study indicated that cultivating conditions not only affected the growth rate of the mycelium but also varied the composition of polysaccharides that commonly used as ingredient of functional foods.

並列關鍵字

Ganoderma lucidum ； β-D-Glucans ； polysaccharide ； Different Conditions

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