全面戰慄之回溯: 維吉尼亞．吳爾芙、湯瑪斯．品欽、哈瑞伊．昆祖魯

Tracing the Terror of Global Wars: Virginia Woolf, Thomas Pynchon, and Hari Kunzru

陳藝雲(I-Yun Chen)

指導教授 ： 李紀舍

國立臺灣大學/文學院/外國語文學研究所/博士(2014年)

https://doi.org/10.6342/NTU.2014.10998

摘要

本論文以「科技」(technology) 與「恐懼」(terror) 為研究主軸，探討英美小說中專寫漫延自二十世紀與下開新世紀之間，戰役規模重大之文本。研究目標有二: 首先闡述「戰爭」、「科技」、與「恐懼」三項議題在歷史情境中之相互作用關係。本文主張，審識過去百年戰事，武器挾其高速科技發展之特性，能縮時縮地，消弭以往時空限制與形勢屏障，戰爭已全面介入人類所有日常生活經驗，徹底改變對以往戰爭型態之認識，可謂是「全面戰慄」；其二，除研究小說中「全面戰慄」之主題外，試圖剖析小說家對政治權力結構興起戰端、試圖延續戰爭恐懼之批評。本論文按研究主題設定四部相關時期之小說，依作者分別為：1. 維吉尼亞．吳爾芙 (Virginia Woolf) 之《達洛衛夫人》(Mrs. Dalloway) 、《幕與幕之間》(Between the Acts)。2. 湯瑪斯．品欽 (Thomas Pynchon) 之《萬有引力之虹》(Gravity’s Rainbow)。3. 哈瑞伊．昆祖魯(Hari Kunzru) 之《失控》 (Transmission)。綜而觀之，四部小說中所描繪之戰爭面貌，起迄歷史約涵蓋二十世紀初之第一次世界大戰以至2001年之911事件，論文亦旨在釐清一般視戰爭為「破壞毀滅」之抽象概念，試圖揭示戰爭期中，科技推擴、演繹戰事，實居瞬間能改變人類生存處境之重要地位。作者認為上述小說家實能切中科技戰爭之特性，是以能顯影小說中人物對全面戰爭的恐懼心理，「恐懼」(terror)一詞在此遂概括為對科技武器 (weapons of terror)及心理感知 (affective structures)雙重辯證下之心理狀態。「全面戰慄」(terror of global wars) 已然說明，當科技戰爭模糊戰場與家園之界線後，全面戰爭之威脅已滲入日常生活領域，凡人所在戰慄隨之，已為當前世界圖象之縮影。本論文強調，小說家用文字圖寫科技演繹戰爭之新面貌，同時也描繪眾生之情感圖譜，傳達對戰爭、恐懼不斷地批評與人文關懷之精神。

關鍵字

科技 ； 戰爭 ； 恐懼 ； 日常生活

並列摘要

Focusing on the novels that respond to the major wars in the 20th century and at the turn of a new century, this dissertation departs radically from previous critical assessments in its use of “technology” and “terror” as two terms of analysis. The dissertation has two aims. First, it endeavors to illustrate the historicized connections among technology, war, and terror. It argues that the capacity of military technology to annihilate time and space during those hundred years opened out the experience of war into the global dimension of daily existence and accordingly, brought about a significant change in the psyche. Second, this dissertation, while exploring the theme of the terror of global wars in the novels, also aims to bring to light the novelists’ critiques of the ways political structures might create and perpetuate war and terror. In pursuing these aims, I will focus on four war novels. They are Virginia Woolf’s Mrs. Dalloway and Between the Acts, Thomas Pynchon’s Gravity’s Rainbow, and Hari Kunzru’s Transmission. The four novels cover a series of wars that include the 20th century’s first world war and extend to 9/11 in 2001. In our vague understanding of war as “destruction,” I try to expose the agency of technological specificities and also argue the novelists are keen to these specificities so as to represent the result of terror: a total change of affective structures that stretch deeply into the everyday of the so-called peaceful days, and trauma figures prominently in that change. Terror against the background of war is both technological and psychological. For me, the four novelists attempt to articulate a new reality of war made possible by technology as well as a new affective reality of terror, forged precisely by technological violence.

並列關鍵字

technology ； war ； terror ； everyday life

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