本文試圖檢視東亞民眾對於勞動移民的接受程度。儘管東亞地區的勞動移民佔總體人口的比重仍然低於歐美工業化國家,但隨著勞動人口全球流動日益增加,個別社會對於是否繼續引入或限縮勞動移民的爭論卻方興未艾。反移民情緒(anti-immigration sentiment)是一般人對於外來移民的心理反應,以西方社會為主的實證研究發現這種不樂見移民的態度,除了與性別、年齡、教育程度、地區等人口特質有關外,也與勞動移民勞動市場競爭威脅、跨文化接觸經驗、保護主義的防禦態度有關,特別是種族偏見(racial prejudice)仍具相當的重要性。 為了驗證上述因素能否解釋個人對於勞動移民的態度,本文利用東亞社會調查(East Asian Social Survey, EASS) 於2008年完成的抽樣調查資料,選定東亞地區在社會經濟發展程度較接近的臺灣、日本、韓國三國國家,使用順序性邏輯迴歸模型比較臺灣、日本、韓國民眾對勞動移民態度差異及成因。研究結果得知臺灣、日本、韓國民眾對勞動移民態度確實存有歧異性,反對接納勞動移民之民眾具有下列特性:有種族偏見、沒有社會接觸經驗者、保護主義態度越強烈者,其中種族偏見對民眾勞動移民態度具有影響之重要性。然而,在過去移民態度研究中備受關注的經濟競爭觀點,在本研究中僅在臺灣、日本得到驗證,臺灣、日本社會中的藍領勞工階級較容易持有反勞動移民態度。
This thesis aims to explore the general attitudes toward foreign workers in East Asia. The increasing demand for foreign labor has raised a series of debates on whether or not this would help economic growth and social cohesion in this region. In addition to socio-demographic characteristics such as sex, age, education and residence, previous studies have indicated that the anti-immigration sentiment is highly associated with personal perceptions of labor-market competition, racial prejudice and patriotism. Obviously, the more individuals have cultural contacts with foreigners, the less likely they would oppose to importing foreign workers. The current study tries to identify the effects of major determinants associating with individuals’ attitudes toward foreign workers in Taiwan, Japan and South Korea. Using data from the 2008 East Asian Social Survey (EASS), the culture and globalization module, the results show that there are more Taiwanese and Koreans revealed anti-immigration sentiment than their Japanese counterparts. Based on the outcomes of ordered logistic regression models, the negative attitudes toward foreign workers are associated with personal racial prejudice and patriotism as previous studies. The lack of cultural contact with foreigner also decreases the degree of acceptance of labor immigration. The argument of labor market competition theory is evidenced partially. Blue-collar workers in Taiwan and Japan are least likely to accept labor migrants.