獨生子女：原生家庭結構、收入表現、婚姻穩定度

The only children: family structure, earnings incomes, and marital stability

蔡采錞(Tsai-Chun Tsai)

指導教授 ： 林明仁

國立臺灣大學/社會科學院/經濟學研究所/碩士(2021年)

https://doi.org/10.6342/NTU202101076

摘要

已開發國家獨生子女人口比例逐漸上升的趨勢明顯，然而過去較少研究關注獨生子女成年後的個體表現。此外，受限於樣本不足及資料限制，對於獨生子女在學業、個性、成就等表現，目前仍未有定論。本文使用台灣財政部所屬財稅資料中心(Fiscal Information Agency, FIA)的行政資料，聚焦1981年至1985年 (即民國70年至民國74年)出生者成年後之勞動收入、資本收入以及婚姻穩定度等表現，觀察值總計1,754,495位。本文發現：獨生子女所受教育資源相對較多，但在成年之後，卻面臨勞動收入低、就業率低、離婚率高等困境。深究其原因，是導因於獨生子女原生家庭的狀況。對此，我們定義BIT (Below income tax threshold，收入低於須繳所得稅之門檻)與DSH (Divorced family, Single parent, having Half-blood younger siblings，觀察值在20歲前父母離異、一方死亡，或是有同父異母或同母異父弟妹的家庭)。我們發現者兩個變數是導引推論的關鍵。我們亦使用資本收入去衡量父母對小孩的金援，並推估獨生子女是否受父母寵愛。我們發現，獨生子女即使勞動收入較低，但是其資本收入卻能受父母庇蔭而補足，唯有父母財富低、收入低的獨生女，其資本收入難有補足效果。

關鍵字

獨生子女 ； 性別差異 ； 勞動市場表現 ； 財稅資料庫 ； 離婚率

並列摘要

The population share of only children has been increasing in developed countries; however, little is known about the future performance of these only children. Furthermore, studies on only children’s behavior and education achievement remain inconclusive partly due to insufficient sample sizes and limitations of data. By utilizing administrative data from Taiwan Fiscal Information Agency, this study estimates the earnings, labor participation rate, unearned income, and the divorce rates of the cohort born from 1981 to 1985, resulting in a sample of 1,754,495 individuals. The results show that being an only child is associated with lower earning, lower labor force partition rate, and higher divorce rate. We define two variable: BIT (Below income tax threshold) and DSH (Divorced family, Single parent, having Half-blood younger siblings before 20 years old) and find that these two variables are key to determine the disadvantaged family background of only children. We also use the unearned income to measure the financial support from parents and find that only children have higher unearned income compared to others, except for the only daughter from a low-income/low-wealth family.

並列關鍵字

only children ； gender differences ； labor market performance ； administrative data ； divorce

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