供重度失能者使用具輔助煞車控制助行器之設計與臨床評估

Design and clinical assessment of a rollator with assistive brake control for the severely disabled

楊涵馨(Han-Hsin Yang)

指導教授 ： 章良渭

國立臺灣大學/工學院/醫學工程學研究所/碩士(2004年)

https://doi.org/10.6342/NTU.2004.01237

摘要

現今一般的標準式助行器無法提供重度失能者足夠的支撐與穩定性，若重度失能者無法擁有支撐足夠、穩定性高且安全的助行器，將減低他們行走的機會。我們的目的是設計一可供重度失能者使用，具有更佳的支撐、穩定、安全且能讓他們保持良好步態的助行器。在後輪系統裡我們設計了阻尼系統和電磁自動煞車系統，配合上速度的偵測，來控制行走的速度，並防範跌倒的發生。在這篇論文中，我們假設在使用這部助行器來與原來的助行輔具比較時，使用者能有較佳的步態姿勢表現、減低行走時消耗的能量、並有較佳的行走效能。在新式助行器製作出來後，會以臨床測試來驗證我們的假設。
我們以數學模型來輔助新式助行器的設計。在臨床測試中，邀請了腦性麻痺患者、中風患者、脊髓損傷患者來參與此次的試驗，以Vicon動作分析系統來擷取受試者的步態。在步態上，我們觀察的參數有步長、步伐長、雙足著地時間、行走速度、頻率、上身直立狀態、髖關節及膝關節的關節活動。另外，我們以耗氧量的量測來觀測受試者在行走時能量的消耗狀態。
此新式助行器在結果上表現出對腦性麻痺患者很大的幫助，改善了行走時的各步態參數以及關節的活動度。而在姿勢上，對所有的受試者都有所改善。從耗氧量來看，可發現對於有平衡問題的病人，以新式助行器來行走有助於減低能量的消耗，尤其當平衡問題越大時，新式助行器所表現出來的幫助越顯著。從步長、行走速度、髖關節活動、及耗氧量，可容易觀察出新式助行器的幼纂A並且此新式助行器較適合提供給予有平衡問題與行走速度控制問題的病人使用。

關鍵字

助行器 ； 重度失能者 ； 煞車

並列摘要

For the severely disabled patients, support and stability of standard walker is not enough. If these patients can’t get a special walker which supplies more support, stability, and safety, it will reduce the chance for them to walk. We aim to design a new rollator for the severely disabled providing more support, stability, safety, and maintaining adequate gait. We design a damping system and an electromagnetic automatical brake system on the rear wheel, and the sensor in it can detect the speed. This rear wheel system is designed to control the walking speed and prevent the falling for these severely disabled. We have two hypotheses. First, it has better performance when user walking with this new rollator. Second, walking with this new rollator can decrease user’s energy consumption. After the new rollator is manufactured, we will take clinical experiments to demonstrate.
We design the structure of the new rollator, and assisted with the mathematical model. In clinical experiments, we invited CP patients, CVA patients, and SCI patients to participate in this study. We use Vicon Motion Analysis system to record the motion of the subjects. Data of motion we observe are including step length, stride length, double support time, speed, cadence, upright position of trunk, hip joint motion, and knee joint motion. We also measured the oxygen consumption in the first part of the experiments, to observe the energy cost of users.
Results show the new rollator gives CP patients lots of assistance. It can improve the gait parameters of walking and joints’ range of motion in CP cases. And better walking posture for all subjects. From data of oxygen consumption, it shows that walking with the new rollator would cost less energy for patient who has balance problem. The subject with worse balance problem has the better energy saving performance of walking with the new rollator. Our new rollator is suitable for patients with balance and speed control problems. The effects of the new rollator can easily be observed from step length, speed, hip joint motion, and oxygen consumption.

並列關鍵字

rollator ； brake ； severely disabled

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