水再生利用於人工地下水補注之健康風險評估

Human Health Risk Assessment for Artificial Recharge of Groundwater with Reclaimed Water

陳思穎(Szu-Yin Chen)

指導教授 ： 馬鴻文

國立臺灣大學/工學院/環境工程學研究所/碩士(2005年)

https://doi.org/10.6342/NTU.2005.01483

摘要

人工地下水補注技術的使用在19世紀初期時，歐洲就已有記載，至今已有二百多年的歷史，美國使用這樣的技術也有一世紀之久。1960年代後，美國在人工地下水補注技術上有許多的突破，首先是利用再生水來補注地下水，另外還針對補注井做改進，而有了「地下水人工補注與回用」（ASR，Aquifer Storage and Recovery）的技術。
人們一直都對利用再生水補注地下水在人體健康上存有疑慮，世界衛生組織WHO和美國也開始對此技術進行人體健康風險評估，甚至在美國某些州都對此技術建立法規和指引。
人工地下水補注在國內並沒有很普遍，且主要也以河川水體來補注地下水，但台灣的水災旱災頻繁，河川水體的流量不穩定，和河川比起來，再生水則是可以提供一個穩定的補注水來源。國內在地下水的政策和法規較缺乏，地下水一直是國內人民用水的來源之ㄧ，基於人體健康和環境保護的因素，若要實行再生水補注於地下水，完善的規劃和相關之研究是必要的。本研究主要是提供一個風險評估的方法，使目前和未來在地下水補注計畫中能將風險評估的概念加入規劃，在評估中也能將量化風險，參考風險值以在規劃設計中對技術和操作做適當的調整，以降低人工地下水補注對人體健康的風險。

關鍵字

再生水 ； 地下水補注 ； 風險評估

並列摘要

The practice of artificial recharge of groundwater began in Europe during the early nineteen century. It has been practiced for more than 200 years through the world. In the United States, it has been practiced for nearly a century. Since 1960’s, the improvements in artificial recharge technology in the United States, includes the use of reclaimed wastewater as the source of recharge and ASR (Aquifer Storage and Recovery).
The adverse effects from contaminants in reclaimed water for articicial recharge are of immediate health concern. Therefore WHO and US EPA utilize risk assessment as a tool of evaluating the potential health risks from artificial recharge, even in some states of the United States have developed the regulations and guidelines for artificial recharge with reclaimed water.
A few artificial recharge of groundwater projects were practiced in Taiwan and the source of recharge water are mainly from the surface water. Droughts and floods are occur frequently in Taiwan which cause unsteady flow rate of surface water. However reclaimed water can offer a steady source for artificial recharge of groundwater. Groundwater is one of the main sources of protable water in Taiwan. Since therer is an increasing concern of human health and environmental protection, well planning and corresponding research are necessary for the projects of artificial recharge with reclaimed water.
This research project suggests a risk assessment for artificial recharge with reclaimed water which can be included in the planning stage of artificial recharge of groundwater projects and quantifying the risks of human health. According ro the risk values, the techniques and manipulations can be justified, in order to reduce the risk of human health.

並列關鍵字

reclaimed water ； groundwater recharge ； risk assessment

參考文獻

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California Department of Health Services, 2001. California Health Laws Related to Recycled Water “Purple Book”. June, 2001.

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