基地綠化之景觀生態效益

Landscape Ecological Benefits of Site Greenery

王蕙雙(Huei-Shuang Wang)

指導教授 ： 張俊彥

國立臺灣大學/生物資源暨農學院/園藝暨景觀學系/碩士(2015年)

https://doi.org/10.6342/NTU.2015.11058

摘要

都市化之下，人口與建築用地皆不斷擴張，使得原有的生態棲地不斷被分割，造成原生物種的生存空間逐漸縮小(Grimm et al., 2008)。根據臺北市建築物及法定空地綠化實施要點，未來臺北市第二類建築基地中的公有建築物及公私立各級學校，綠覆率需提高至55%以上；而基地綠化具有緩解都市問題的作用(Francis & Lorimer, 2011)，是目前都市中常見的一種綠色基礎建設(green infrastructure)。都市基地綠化可以再創造生態棲地的空間，對於鳥類、昆蟲、植物等，其綠化空間可以有效幫助生物的生存與繁衍，並維持物種的多樣性與環境健康。
景觀結構對於鳥類的棲息有著重要的影響，根據近幾年保育團體的鳥類調查，特定地區的景觀結構像是如河濱地、都市公園等，對於特定種類的鳥類在遷徙、棲息上扮演著極重要的角色；而相反的，都市地區中建築物密集林立，易對於鳥類的生存構成很大的威脅。為解決都市問題，過去研究則指出都市基地綠化可以有效幫助綠地面積增加(Wong & Jusuf, 2008)，在物理降溫、生態效益層面都有顯著效益；因此，本研究選擇46個都市基地，建立都市景觀結構與鳥類數量預測模型後，再挑選公有建築地與校園用地等閒置空間作為模擬綠化對象。
研究結果發現，影響鳥類多樣性主要的因子包括了喬木、灌木塊區的數量、綠地與裸露土壤的連接度及水體平均形狀指數等指標。在未來基地綠化的規劃中，本研究建議在現有的景觀條件下，儘量保留現存之大面積水體或植被，綠化的形式採誘鳥植物或是喬木、灌木栽植為佳；並針對現有已存的鳥類物種，進行適當的保護政策，以減緩土地使用的改變。

關鍵字

都市化 ； 綠屋頂 ； 鳥類數量 ； 景觀數化 ； 生態效益

並列摘要

Under the effect of urbanization, city population and buildings are continually expending, causing threats to original habitats such as fragmentization and shrinkage. According to the “Greenery on building and vacant space policy” of Taipei City Government, the green coverage ratio for the second type public building and schools should be increased to 55% at least. Urban architecture greenery is a common green infrastructure that can be employed to mitigate this issue. Site greenery can recreate biological habitats for birds, insects, plants, etc., help maintaining an environment suitable for these species to survive and breed, and contribute to biodiversity and environmental health.
Landscape structure has a significant effect on bird habitation. According to the investigation of environmental conservation groups in Taiwan, riverside parks or city parks are mostly habitated by local and migratory birds, while urban areas that are full of high-density buildings exhibit significantly weaker bird diversity. Past research have suggested that architecture greenery could solve the problem by increasing green coverage ratio, lowering building temperature and providing ecological benefits. In this study, we made a city-landscape-to-bird-diversity model from 46 sites in Taipei City, and chose 7 sites containing public buildings for future greenery simulation.
The result shows that the factors which influenced bird diversity are tree patch numbers, connectivity of green and bare soil patches, and the mean shape index of water patches. Future urban greenery plan could involve preservation of large water and vegetation areas as well as planting more vegetables, shrubs or arbors. For existing bird species, proper policy should be made to deter rapid changes in land use.

並列關鍵字

urbanization ； green roof ； bird amount ； landscape digitalization ； ecological benefits

參考文獻

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