整合網路技術與虛擬實境之地理資訊系統

A Geographic Information System Integrated with Internet Technology and Virtual Reality

張洪國(Hung-Kuo Chang)

指導教授 ： 林達德

國立臺灣大學/生物資源暨農學院/生物產業機電工程學研究所/碩士(2004年)

https://doi.org/10.6342/NTU.2004.10221

摘要

精準農業中空間變異資料的取得，常用的方式是以人力到田間取樣，或以衛星影像及航空照片等得到農地資訊，此種技術通常應用於大面積耕地之地理資訊系統的建立。對於較小區域的農地或農業環境而言，其成本相對較高。然而在諸多農業的應用層面中，小區域農場與農業用地之地理資訊系統的建立，仍有其需要性。本研究整合了多項技術，其中包括全球定位系統、地理資訊系統、立體機器視覺、環場影像與影像資料庫等，透過立體視覺與環場影像的方式重建小區域農地的影像資料，再輔以地理資訊系統結合成圖層及管理的介面，其目的是將農地資料予以數位化，再藉由數位地圖與影像的方式將農地數位資訊呈現出來，以達到快速取得與展現農地資訊的目的。此系統的主要構成包括了全球定位系統、電子羅盤、架設於自動旋轉平台的兩部攝影機、影像處理系統與整合軟體。系統的資料庫分為三層，一層為單純由全球定位系統與電子羅盤所得到的定位點資料，另一層為結合三種儀器所獲得具有定位資訊的立體視覺影像資料，最後一層是透過環場影像軟體所產生的環場影像資料。此系統將電子地圖、立體視覺及環場影像資料整合於個人電腦的地理資訊系統中，並可快速建構網路地理資訊系統，可提供遠端取得田間資訊，最後可透過環場影像與三維重建等技術達到空間測距與視覺展現田間資訊之功能。最後本研究以空間製圖系統建構了圖層資訊、空間定位中相對應的屬性資料及具有地理座標的影像資料庫，並以台大校園、大安森林公園與安康農場以及農業試驗所精準農業試驗場為研究場景。除此之外以網路地理資訊系統來展現虛擬實境，讓使用者透過瀏覽器可獲得查詢的結果，其結果包含圖層屬性資訊及場景影像，以即時資訊輸出給一般使用者。

關鍵字

精準農業 ； 立體視覺 ； 網路地理資訊系統 ； 虛擬實境 ； 環場影像

並列摘要

Spatial variation information used in precision agriculture usually is obtained by manual sampling, satellite imaging or aerial photo techniques. These techniques are suitable for the establishment of GIS of large field areas while for small agricultural sectors these techniques are comparatively costly. For small agricultural sectors, the needs to establish GIS exist for many applications. This study presents an integrated system comprising GPS, GIS, stereo machine vision, panorama image, and image database. The field information can be retrieved by stereo vision and panorama images that are combined with digital map layers and information management interface. The goal of the system development is to efficiently digitized field information and allow for later retrieval, display and analyses of field information. The major components of the system include the GPS, electronic compass, two CCD cameras mounted on an automatic rotary stage, image processing functions and integration software. There are three layers of the system database. They are the layer for positioning information acquired by GPS and electronic compass, the layer of stereo images linked with positioning information, and the layer of panorama images generated from stereo images. The acquired field images and positioning information are integrated into GIS in a personal computer and can be immediately transferred to a web server for remote access. Range estimation of objects in the field can be estimated through stereo images and visual examination of field information can be easily achieved with panorama images. Finally, spatial mapping system was applied to construct the map layer information and corresponding attribute information of spatial location and multiple images database of spatial coordinates. These case studies were NTU campus, Da-An forest park, An-Kang farm of NTU in Taipei city and experimental field for precision farming at TARI. In addition, the virtual reality can be displayed through Internet GIS, and provide the real time information to the general users, and then obtain the query results from the Web browser. The result include layer attribute information and site images that can show on the map and out put by internet.

並列關鍵字

Precision Agriculture ； Stereo Vision ； Virtual Reality ； Panorama Image ； Internet GIS

參考文獻

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